after him. By Him in whose hand is my soul, the treasures of both of them will most certainly be expended in the cause of Allah.” Reported by Muslim.

Yunus ibn Bukayr narrated—through Ibn ʿAwn, from ʿUmayr ibn Ishaq—that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to Chosroes and to Caesar. Caesar set the letter aside with respect, whereas Chosroes tore it up. When this reached the Prophet ﷺ he said, “Those people who tore it will themselves be torn apart, whereas the others will still have a remnant.”

Al-Rabiʿ related: al-Shafiʿi told us, “We have preserved that Caesar honored the Prophet’s letter and placed it in a musk-scented case.” The Prophet ﷺ said, “His kingdom is secured.”

Al-Shafiʿi added, “Allah severed the line of the Chosroes from Iraq and Persia, and He severed Caesar—and those who succeeded him—from Syria. Concerning Chosroes he said, ‘His kingdom will be shredded,’ so no sovereignty remained for the Persian kings; concerning Caesar he said, ‘His kingdom will stand,’ and the dominion of the Romans has endured to this very day.”

Yunus, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, reported: al-Zuhri told us—from ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn ʿAbd—that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched Hatib ibn Abi Baltaʿah to al-Muqawqis, the ruler of Alexandria. Hatib delivered the Prophet’s letter, which al-Muqawqis accepted; he honored Hatib, treated him generously, and sent back with him a mule, garments, and two female slaves—one was Umm Ibrahim, and the other the Prophet ﷺ presented to Jahm ibn Qays al-ʿAbdi. She bore Zakariyya ibn Jahm, who later served as ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAs’s deputy over Egypt.

Abu Bishr al-Dulabi said: Abu al-Harith Ahmad ibn Saʿid al-Fihri narrated to us; he said: Harun ibn Yahya al-Hatabi narrated to us; he said: Ibrahim ibn—