Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Muḥammad ibn Abī Ḥātim said, “I heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh remark, ‘I did not sleep last night until I had counted how many reports I had incorporated into my compilations; they came to roughly two hundred thousand hadiths with full chains of transmission.’

I also heard him say, ‘I have never written down an anecdote; I always committed it to memory.’

And I heard him say, ‘I compiled the book al-Iʿtiṣām in a single night.’

I further heard him say, ‘I know of nothing people require except that it is found in the Book and the Sunnah.’

I asked him, ‘Is it really possible to know all of that?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ (1)

I heard him relate: ‘When I was in Nīshāpūr, I would sit in the congregational mosque. ʿAmr ibn Zurārah and Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh went to Yaʿqūb ibn ʿAbd Allāh, the governor of Nīshāpūr, and informed him of my presence. He excused himself to them, saying, “Our practice is that when someone unknown is reported to us, we detain him until his situation becomes clear.”

Someone then said to him, “I have heard that he told you, ‘You do not perform the prayer properly; how, then, can you presume to sit (in authority)?’”

He answered, “Had anything of that sort been said to me, I would not have left that session until I had narrated ten thousand hadiths—on prayer alone.”’

= and he transmits it according to the sense. As for Muslim, he compiled his book in his own town, with his master copies before him and while his teachers were still alive; he therefore exercised great care over the exact wording and over the sequence of the narrations. Bukhari, by contrast, derived the jurisprudence of his work directly from the hadiths it contains. Whenever a single report embraced several legal rulings, he would divide it, placing each fragment in the chapter that supported the specific ruling he was deducing. Muslim did not adopt this method; he preferred to cite all the hadiths of a chapter in one continuous block, linking them together in a single location. The report is found in: al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 2, p. 11; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib al-Kamal, vol. ?, p. 117; Ibn Hajar, Muqaddimah al-Fath, p. 489. (1) Ibn Hazm’s undertaking in al-Muhalla corroborates this remark of Muhammad ibn Ismail: for all its shortcomings, relying solely on the Quran and the sunnah he succeeded in producing a legal work that embraces every branch of fiqh.
وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ يَقُوْلُ: مَا نمتُ البَارِحَةَ حَتَّى عَدَدْتُ كم أَدْخَلْتُ مُصَنَّفَاتِي مِنَ الحَدِيْثِ، فَإِذَا نَحْوُ مئَتَي أَلفِ حَدِيْثٍ مُسْنَدَةٍ. وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُوْلُ: مَا كَتَبْتُ حِكَايَةً قَطُّ، كُنْتُ أَتَحَفَّظُهَا. وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُوْلُ: صنَّفْتُ كِتَابَ (الاعتصَامِ) فِي لَيْلَةٍ. وسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُوْلُ: لاَ أَعْلَمُ شَيْئاً يُحتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ إِلاَّ وَهُوَ فِي الكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يُمكنُ مَعْرِفَةُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهُ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ (١) . وسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُوْلُ: كُنْتُ بِنَيْسَابُوْرَ أَجلسُ فِي الجَامِعِ، فَذَهَبَ عَمْرُو بنُ زُرَارَةَ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بنُ رَاهْوَيْه إِلَى يَعْقُوْبَ بنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَالِي نَيْسَابُوْرَ، فَأَخبروهُ بِمكَانِي، فَاعتذرَ إِلَيْهِم، وَقَالَ: مذهَبُنَا إِذَا رُفِعَ إِلَيْنَا غَرِيْبٌ لَمْ نَعْرِفْهُ حبسنَاهُ حَتَّى يَظْهَرَ لَنَا أَمرُهُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضهُم: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَكَ: لاَ تُحْسِنُ تصلِي، فَكَيْفَ تَجْلِسُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَو قِيْلَ لِي شَيْءٌ مِنْ هذَا مَاكُنْت أَقومُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ المَجْلِسِ حَتَّى أَروِي عَشْرَةَ آلاَفِ حَدِيْثٍ، فِي الصَّلاَةِ خَاصَّةً.
= ويسوقه بمعناه. أما مسلم فقد صنف كتابه في بلده بحضور أصوله في حياة شيوخه، وكان يتحرز في الألفاظ، ويتحرى في السياق. والبخاري استنبط فقه كتابه من أحاديثه، فاحتاج أن يقطع الحديث الواحد إذا اشتمل على عدة أحكام ليورد كل قطعة منه في الباب الذي يستدل به على ذلك الحكم الذي استنبط منه، أما مسلم فلم يعتمد ذلك بل يسوق أحاديث الباب كلها سردا، عاطفا بعضها على بعض في موضع واحد. والخبر في " تاريخ بغداد " ٢ / ١١، و" تهذيب الكمال ":؟ ١١٧، و" مقدمة الفتح ": ٤٨٩. (١) ومحاولة ابن حزم في " المحلى "، تؤيد مقالة محمد بن إسماعيل هذه، فإنه على ما به من هنات قد استطاع باعتماده على الكتاب والسنة أن يؤلف كتابا في الفقه يشتمل على جميع أبواب الفقه.

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