my uncle, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, told us; ʿĀṣim ibn al-Ḥasan told us; Abū ʿUmar ibn Mahdī told us; al-Ḥusayn ibn Ismāʿīl reported to us; Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mukharrimī narrated to us; Muʿādh ibn Hishām narrated to us; my father narrated to me, from Yūnus, from Qatādah, from Anas who said:
“The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless and grant him peace) never ate off a dining table (khuwān), nor from a small platter (sukurrujah), nor was thin, refined bread ever baked for him.”
I asked Qatādah, “So what did they eat upon?”
He replied, “Upon leather food-mats (sufar).”
102 – Abū Ḥātim al-Sijistānī Sahl ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān (D, S)
The Imām, the erudite scholar: Abū Ḥātim Sahl ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān al-Sijistānī—later of Basra—renowned Qurʾān reciter, grammarian and linguist, and author of numerous works.
(1) The chain of transmission is sound. Al-Bukhari also recorded the hadith (9/464/478) in the Book of Foods, in the chapters “Thin Bread” and “What the Prophet ﷺ and His Companions Used to Eat,” through ‘Ali b. ‘Abd Allah and ‘Abd Allah b. Abi al-Aswad, both from Mu‘adh b. Hisham with the same isnad. Al-Tirmidhi included it in al-Shama’il (1/240–241) through Muhammad b. Bashshar, from Mu‘adh b. Hisham.
The word sukardja—pronounced with damma on the sin and kaf, a doubled ra followed by an open jim—was vocalised this way by Qadi ‘Iyad. Ibn Makki preferred to open the ra, a view reported by Ibn al-Jawzi from his teacher al-Jawaliqi and adopted definitively by al-Turabishti. The term is a Persian loanword designating small dishes in which food is served; they were used for relishes, appetisers, and pickles that stimulate the palate and aid digestion.
Al-Hafiz al-‘Iraqi comments, in his commentary on al-Tirmidhi, that the Prophet’s avoidance of eating from a sukardja was either because such vessels were not customary in his milieu and were deemed too small, for the general practice was to eat together from a common dish, or because they were reserved for items that assist digestion, whereas the early Muslims rarely ate to satiety and thus had no need of digestive aids.
(*) Biographical sources: Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Jarh wa-l-ta‘dil 4/204; Abu Sa‘d al-Sirafi, Akhbar al-nahawiyyin al-basriyyin, 93, 96; Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, 64; al-Sam‘ani, al-Ansab 7/46; Ibn Makula, Nuzhat al-alba’, 189, 191; Yaqut, Mu‘jam al-udaba’ 11/263, 265; al-Safadi, Inba’ al-ruwat 2/58, 64; Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-a‘yan 2/430, 433; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib al-kama l, 559–560; al-Dhahabi, Tadhhib al-tahdhib 2/62/1; Ibn Hajar, al-‘Ibar 1/455; Ibn Kathir, Tarikh 11/2–3; Ibn al-Jazari, Ghayat al-nihaya 1/320–321; Ibn Qadi Shuhba, Tabaqat al-nuhat 1/361, 364; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib al-tahdhib 4/257–258; Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-zahira 2/332; al-Khulasa fi tadhhib al-kama l, 158; al-Suyuti, Tabaqat al-mufassirin 1/210, 212; al-Yafi‘i, Mir’at al-jannan 2/156; Ibn al-‘Imad, Shadharat al-dhahab 2/121.