Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Only Ibn Abī Dāwūd is known to have transmitted a single hadith from him.

Al-Jāḥiẓ’s writings are extraordinarily numerous. Among them are:
• al-Radd ʿalā Aṣḥāb al-Ilhām (Refutation of the Claimants to Inner Inspiration),
• al-Radd ʿalā al-Mushabbihah (Refutation of the Anthropomorphists),
• al-Radd ʿalā al-Naṣārā (Refutation of the Christians),
• al-Tufayliyya (The Parasites),
• Faḍāʾil al-Turk (The Virtues of the Turks),
• al-Radd ʿalā al-Yahūd (Refutation of the Jews),
• al-Waʿīd (Divine Threat),
• al-Ḥujjah wa al-Nubuwwah (Proof and Prophethood),
• al-Muʿallimīn (The Schoolteachers),
• al-Buldān (The Lands),
• Ḥānūt ʿAṭṭār (The Perfumer’s Shop),
• Dhamm al-Zinā (Censure of Fornication),
and many others.

Ahmad ibn Salamah wrote to us, conveying it from Ahmad ibn Ṭāriq; al-Silafī informed us; al-Mubārak ibn al-Ṭuyūrī related; Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ṣūrī dictated; Khalaf ibn Muḥammad, the ḥāfiẓ of Ṣūr, narrated; Abū Sulaymān ibn Zabr transmitted; and finally Abū Bakr ibn Abī Dāwūd said:

“I came to al-Jāḥiẓ and asked permission to see him. He looked down at me through a small opening in his house and said, ‘Who are you?’

“I replied, ‘A man from the people of hadith.’

“He said, ‘Do you not know that I disassociate myself from the al-Hashwiyya?’

“I said, ‘I am the son of Abū Dāwūd.’

“He answered, ‘Welcome to you and to your father. Come in.’

“When I entered, he asked, ‘What do you want?’

“I said, ‘Relate a single hadith to me.’

“He said, ‘Write: Ḥajjāj ibn al-Minhāl narrated to us; Ḥammād ibn Salamah narrated to us, from Thābit, from Anas: that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed over a ṭinfisah (1).’

“I said, ‘Give me another hadith.’ He replied, ‘It is not fitting for the son of Abū Dāwūd to lie.’

“I remark: Al-Jāḥiẓ has spared us much effort, for he transmitted only a very small number of hadiths, and he is not suspected with regard to their authenticity. Yet his anecdotes and his manner of speech leave one somewhat uneasy; at times he exaggerated, and his being tainted by more than one innovation is unmistakable. Even so, he was a brilliant scholar of reports, a man of many fields, dazzling literary accomplishment, and manifest intelligence—may Allah pardon him.”

(1) Lisan al-Arab explains that the tanfisa is a small cushion placed over a saddle (pl. tanafis), and it is also said to be a carpet with a fine pile; the latter meaning is the one intended in this hadith.
وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ: ابْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ حَدِيْثاً وَاحِداً. وَتَصَانِيْفُ الجَاحِظِ كَثِيْرَةٌ جِدّاً: مِنْهَا (الرَّدُّ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ الإِلهَامِ) ، وَ (الرَّدُّ علَى المُشَبِّهَةِ) ، وَ (الرَّدُّ عَلَى النَّصَارَى) ، (الطُّفَيْلِيَّةُ) ، (فَضَائِلُ التُّرْكِ) ، (الرَّدُّ عَلَى اليَهُوْدِ) ، (الوَعِيْدُ) ، (الحُجَّةُ وَالنُّبُوَّةُ) ، (المُعَلِّمِيْنَ) ، (البُلْدَانُ) ، (حَانُوْتُ عَطَّارٍ) ، (ذَمُّ الزَّنَى) ، وَأَشْيَاءُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ سَلاَمَةَ كِتَابَةً، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بنِ طَارِقٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا السِّلَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا المُبَارَكُ بنُ الطُّيُوْرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ الصُّوْرِيُّ إِمْلاَءً، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الحَافِظُ بِصُوْرَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ بنُ زَبْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ بنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: أَتَيتُ الجَاحِظَ، فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ كُوَّةٍ فِي دَارِه، فَقَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الحَدِيْثِ. فَقَالَ: أَوَ مَا عَلِمتَ أَنِّي لاَ أَقُوْلُ بِالحَشْوِيَّةِ؟ فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي ابْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ. فَقَالَ: مَرْحَباً بِكَ وَبِأَبِيكَ، ادْخُلْ. فَلَمَّا دَخَلْتُ، قَالَ لِي: مَا تُرِيْدُ؟ فَقُلْتُ: تُحَدِّثَنِي بِحَدِيْثٍ وَاحِدٍ. فَقَالَ: اكتُبْ: حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بنُ المِنْهَالِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى عَلَى طِنْفِسَةٍ (١) . فَقُلْتُ: زِدْنِي حَدِيْثاً آخَرَ، فَقَالَ: مَا يَنْبَغِي لاِبْنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ أَنْ يَكذِبَ. قُلْتُ: كَفَانَا الجَاحِظُ المَؤُونَةَ، فَمَا رَوَى مِنَ الحَدِيْثِ إِلاَّ النَّزْرَ اليَسِيْرَ، وَلاَ هُوَ بِمُتَّهَمٍ فِي الحَدِيْثِ، بَلَى فِي النَّفْسِ مِنْ حِكَايَاتِهِ وَلَهْجَتِهِ، فَرُبَّمَا جَازَفَ، وَتَلَطُّخُهُ بِغَيْرِ بِدْعَةٍ أَمْرٌ وَاضِحٌ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَخْبَارِيٌّ عَلاَّمَةٌ، صَاحِبُ فُنُوْنٍ وَأَدَبٍ بَاهِرٍ، وَذَكَاءٍ بَيِّنٍ - عَفَا اللهُ عَنْهُ -.
(١) في اللسان: الطنفسة: النمرقة فوق الرحل، وجمعها طنافس، وقيل: هي البساط التي لها خمل رقيق، والثاني هو المراد في هذا الحديث.

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