and to increase his resolve, and to aid him in the course he is pursuing.
It has been reported from Ibn ʿAbbas that he said, “Do not strike one part of Allah’s Book against another, for that will cast doubt into your hearts.”
It is also related from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr that a number of men were sitting at the door of the Prophet ﷺ. One of them said, “Did not Allah say (1) such-and-such?” and another said, “Did not Allah say such-and-such?” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ overheard them, and he came out with his face flushed as though pomegranate seeds had been splashed upon it. He said, “Is this what you have been commanded—to set one part of Allah’s Book against another? It was for conduct like this that the communities before you went astray. You have no share whatsoever in such matters (2). Consider what you have been commanded and act upon it, and consider what you have been forbidden and keep away from it (3).”
And it is narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet ﷺ said, “To dispute about the Quran is disbelief.” (4)
(1) Supplementary wording taken from Tarikh al-Islam.
(2) Supplementary wording taken from Tarikh al-Islam and al-Hilya.
(3) Its isnad is hasan (reliable); the report is found in the Musnad, 2/195, 118, 196, and in Ibn Majah, no. 85.
(4) Recorded by Ahmad, 2/286, 300, 424, 475, 503, 528, and by Abu Dawud, no. 4603 (Book of the Sunnah, chapter: “Prohibition of disputing about the Quran”). Its isnad is hasan; Ibn Hibban (no. 73) and al-Hakim, 2/223, declared it sahih, and al-Dhahabi agreed with the author.
Scholars have differed over the meaning of this hadith:
• Some understand mirāʾ (disputation) to mean “doubt,” citing the verse, fala takun fi miryatin (so do not be in doubt).
• Others say mirāʾ is the kind of argumentative debate that engenders suspicion about the mutashabih (ambiguous) verses, which can lead to outright rejection; the hadith therefore labels it kufr (disbelief) after the possible outcome, except for those whom Allah protects.
• The proper approach for anyone studying the Quran is to reconcile verses by referring what is ambiguous to what is clear and by harmonising apparently divergent passages whenever possible, for the Quran confirms itself. Should a difficulty remain, one must attribute it to personal misunderstanding and entrust its knowledge to Allah and His Messenger.
• A further interpretation links the prohibition to disputing over the variant readings; rejecting any transmitted qiraʾah is condemned, for the Quran was revealed upon seven ahruf (modes). The coming hadith of Abu Juhaim supports this view.
• Others restrict the prohibition to debating verses on qadar (predestination), waʿid (threat of punishment) and similar theological matters in the fashion of the scholastics, not to verses dealing with legal rulings of permissibility and prohibition, since the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did differ over such rulings and argued their cases with the Quran when disagreements arose among them.