and His Messenger know best.’
He ﷺ then said, ‘It is: to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; to establish the prayer; to give the zakah; and to hand over one-fifth of the spoils of war (1).’
My father said: Al-Muʿtaṣim then remarked—meaning, he himself said—‘Had I not found you already in the custody of those who ruled before me, I would never have laid a hand on you.’
He added, ‘O ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq, did I not command you to put an end to the ordeal?’
I exclaimed, ‘Allahu akbar! This surely means relief for the Muslims.’
He then said to them, ‘Debate with him and speak to him. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, talk to him.’
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān asked, ‘What do you say about the Quran?’
I replied, ‘What do you say about the knowledge of Allah?’
He fell silent, whereupon one of them said to me, ‘Did not Allah, exalted be He, say, “Allah is the Creator of everything” (Q 13:16)? Is the Quran not a thing?’
I answered, ‘Allah also says, “It destroyed everything” (Q 46:25); yet it destroyed only what Allah willed—did it not?’
Another of them said, ‘“No reminder comes to them from their Lord, newly revealed…” (Q 21:2). Can anything be newly revealed unless it is created?’
I replied, ‘Allah says, “Sad. By the Quran, full of reminder” (Q 38:1). The reminder (dhikr) is the Quran, and that word (2) carries no definite article al- at all.’
One of them then cited the report of ʿImrān ibn Ḥuṣayn: “Indeed Allah created the reminder.”
I said, ‘That is an error. More than one of our teachers narrated to us: “Indeed Allah wrote the reminder (3).”’
They also argued on the basis of the hadith