intended to assist the Jews of Khaybar. He traveled toward them by night and lay in ambush by day, seizing a scout who admitted that he had been dispatched to Khaybar to offer the Jews military support in return for a share of Khaybar’s dates.

Al-Waqidi says that this occurred in the month of Shaʿbān.

The raid against Umm Qirfah took place in Ramadan, led by Zayd ibn Ḥārithah; she had been in the habit of harming the Prophet ﷺ, as al-Waqidi records.

He also reports that in the same year ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf headed an expedition to Dūmat al-Jandal during Shaʿbān. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ told him, “If they submit, marry the daughter of their king.” The people embraced Islam, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān married Tamāḍir bint al-Aṣbagh—the mother of Abū Salamah—whose father had been their ruler.

In Shawwāl Kurz ibn Jābir al-Fihri was sent with twenty horsemen after the ʿUraniyyīn who had killed the Prophet’s shepherd and driven off his camels.

Ibn Abī ʿArūbah relates—through Qatādah, from Anas—that a band of men from ʿUkl and ʿUraina came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, “We are herdsmen, not townsfolk, and the climate of Medina has disagreed with us.” The Prophet ﷺ allotted them some milch camels and provisions and instructed them to go out with the herd and drink from its milk and urine. They set off, but when they reached the outskirts of the lava plain they murdered the Prophet’s shepherd, stole the camels, and apostatized after having accepted Islam. The Prophet ﷺ dispatched men in pursuit; when the culprits were brought back he ordered that their hands and feet be cut off, their eyes branded, and that they be left on the lava field until they died in that state.

Qatādah added, “We were informed that the verse, ‘Indeed, the recompense of those who…’ was revealed about them.”