Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

I add: The scholars of the early generations explained every technical term—important or otherwise—leaving nothing that could still be clarified. Yet when it came to the Qur’anic verses and prophetic reports that speak of the divine attributes, they never touched them with interpretation at all, even though these are the most crucial matters of faith. Had interpreting them been permissible, or indeed obligatory, they would have hastened to do so. It is therefore certain that the correct course is to recite them and pass them on exactly as they have come; there is no other explanation. We believe in them and remain silent, following the path of the Salaf, convinced that they are attributes of Allah Most High, whose true realities He has kept to Himself, and that they bear no resemblance to the attributes of created beings—just as His sacred Essence is unlike the essences of His creatures. Both the Book and the Sunnah affirm these attributes, and the Messenger ﷺ conveyed them without offering any interpretation, despite the Creator’s statement, “so that you may make clear to the people what has been sent down to them” (al-Naḥl 16:44). Our duty, then, is to believe and submit to the revealed texts, and Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path.

ʿAbdān ibn Muḥammad al-Marwazī said: Abū Saʿīd al-Ḍarīr narrated to us: I was in the presence of the governor ʿAbd Allah ibn Ṭāhir when news came of Abū ʿUbayd’s death, whereupon he began to recite:

O seeker of knowledge, Ibn Sallām has passed away—
a valiant knight of learning who never shrank from the fray.
Gone is the man who among us was one-quarter of the four;
no master of legal rulings has met their like before.
Foremost of them is ʿAbd Allah, the best of all creation;
then ʿĀmir—what an excellent follower and fine continuation!
Those two rose above the rest, and with them stood the two Qāsims:
Ibn Maʿn and Ibn Sallām, paragons of the learned classes. (1)

Abū ʿAmr al-Dānī mentions Abū ʿUbayd in his work “Ṭabaqāt al-Qurrāʾ,” saying:
“He received the Qur’anic recitation, both by presentation and by audition, from al-Kisāʾī, from Shujāʿ, from Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar, from Ḥajjāj ibn Muḥammad, from Abū Mushir…,” until he says: “and he was the leading imam of the people of his time in…"

(1) The verses are recorded in Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 12, p. 412, and Nuzhat al-Alba, p. 141; see also Muʿjam al-Udabaʾ, vol. 16, p. 257, and Inbaʾ al-Ruwat, vol. 3, p. 20.
قُلْتُ: قَدْ فَسَّرَ عُلَمَاءُ السَّلَفِ المُهِمَّ مِنَ الأَلْفَاظِ وَغَيْرَ المُهِمِّ، وَمَا أَبْقَوْا مُمْكِناً، وَآيَاتُ الصِّفَاتِ وَأَحَادِيْثُهَا لَمْ يَتَعَرَّضُوا لِتَأْوِيْلِهَا أَصْلاً، وَهِيَ أَهَمُّ الدِّيْنِ، فَلَو كَانَ تَأْوِيْلُهَا سَائِغاً أَوْ حَتْماً، لَبَادَرُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَعُلِمَ قَطْعاً أَنَّ قِرَاءتَهَا وَإِمرَارَهَا عَلَى مَا جَاءتْ هُوَ الحَقُّ، لاَ تَفْسِيْرَ لَهَا غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، فَنُؤْمِنُ بِذَلِكَ، وَنَسْكُتُ اقْتِدَاءً بِالسَّلَفِ، مُعْتَقِدِيْنَ أَنَّهَا صِفَاتٌ للهِ -تَعَالَى- اسْتَأَثَرَ اللهُ بِعِلْمِ حَقَائِقِهَا، وَأَنَّها لاَ تُشْبِهُ صِفَاتِ المَخْلُوْقِينَ، كَمَا أَنَّ ذَاتَهُ المُقَدَّسَةَ لاَ تُمَاثِلُ ذَوَاتِ المَخْلُوْقِينَ، فَالكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ نَطَقَ بِهَا، وَالرَّسُوْلُ ﷺ بَلَّغَ، وَمَا تَعَرَّضَ لِتَأْوِيْلٍ، مَعَ كَوْنِ البَارِي قَالَ: ﴿لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِم﴾ [النَّحْلُ: ٤٤] ، فَعَلَيْنَا الإِيْمَانُ وَالتَّسْلِيْمُ لِلنُّصُوْصِ، وَاللهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيْمٍ. قَالَ عَبْدَانُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ المَرْوَزِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيْدٍ الضَّرِيْرُ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الأَمِيْرِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَوَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ نَعْيُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، فَأَنْشَأَ يَقُوْلُ: يَا طَالِبَ العِلْمِ قَدْ مَاتَ ابْنُ سَلاَّمِ ... وَكَانَ فَارِسَ عِلْمٍ غَيْرَ مِحْجَامِ مَاتَ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيْنَا رُبْعَ أَرْبَعَةٍ ... لَمْ يَلْقَ مِثْلَهُمْ أُسْتَاذُ أَحْكَامِ خَيْرُ البَرِيَّةِ عَبْدُ اللهِ أَوَّلُهُمْ ... وَعَامِرٌ وَلَنِعْمَ التِّلْوُ يَا عَامِ هُمَا اللَّذَانِ أَنَافَا فَوْقَ غَيْرِهِمَا ... وَالقَاسِمَانِ ابْنُ مَعْنٍ وَابْنُ سَلاَّمِ (١) ذَكَرَ أَبَا عُبَيْدٍ: أَبُو عَمْرٍو الدَّانِيُّ فِي (طَبَقَاتِ القُرَّاءِ) ، فَقَالَ: أَخَذَ القِرَاءةَ عَرْضاً وَسَمَاعاً عَنِ الكِسَائِيِّ، وَعَنْ شُجَاعٍ، وَعَنْ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ بنِ جَعْفَرٍ، وَعَنْ حَجَّاجِ بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَبِي مُسْهِرٍ ... ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَهُوَ إِمَامُ أَهْلِ دَهْرِهِ فِي
(١) الأبيات في " تاريخ بغداد " ١٢ / ٤١٢، و" نزهة الالباء ": ١٤١، وانظر " معجم الأدباء " ١٦ / ٢٥٧، و" إنباه الرواة " ٣ / ٢٠.

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