Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Ḥammād ibn Salamah and Sufyān ibn ʿUyaynah.
He immersed himself in speculative theology until it overwhelmed him; he cast off scrupulousness and piety, openly declared that the Quran was created and urged others to adopt this view, so that he became the very eye of the Jahmiyyah in his age and their foremost scholar. The scholars detested him, and a number of them pronounced him an unbeliever. He never met Jahm ibn Ṣafwān; rather, he picked up Jahm’s doctrines from Jahm’s followers.

Al-Buwayṭī said: I heard al-Shāfiʿī say, “I debated with al-Marīsī, and he said, ‘Drawing lots is gambling.’ So I cited to him the hadith of ʿImrān ibn Ḥuṣayn concerning drawing lots (1), and then I reported his statement to the judge Abū al-Bakhtarī, who said, ‘Produce one more witness and I will crucify him.’ (2)

Abū al-Naḍr Hāshim ibn al-Qāsim said: Bishr’s father was a Jew who worked as a fuller and dyer in Sūwayqah Naṣr. (3)

Al-Marīsī authored numerous works. Ibn al-Nadīm mentioned him and praised him at length, saying, “He was devout, abstemious, and a speculative theologian.” He then related that al-Balkhī said: “His scrupulousness reached the point that he would not approach his wife at night for fear…”

(1) Muslim, no. 1668 (Book of Faith: “Chapter on someone who frees a share he owns in a slave”); Abu Dawud, no. 3958 (Book of Emancipation: “Chapter on one who frees slaves whose value exceeds one-third of the estate”); al-Tirmidhi, no. 1364 (Book of Legal Rulings: “Chapter on a person who manumits his slaves at death”); and Ahmad, 4/426—­all through the chain of Ayyub, from Abu Qilabah, from Abu al-Muhallab, from Imran b. Husayn: A man set free six of his slaves while dying, although he owned nothing else. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had the slaves brought, divided them into three groups, drew lots, freed two of them and kept four in bondage, then rebuked the man severely. Also reported by al-Nasa’i, 4/64 (Book of Funerals: “The funeral prayer for someone who wrongs others in his bequest”), and by Ahmad, 4/438, 439, 445, 446 through various chains from al-Hasan al-Basri, from Imran b. Husayn. (2) Tarikh Baghdad, 7/60; Mizan al-I‘tidal, 1/323. (3) Al-Fawaid al-Bahiyyah, p. 54. Suwayqah Nasr—named after Nasr b. Malik al-Khuza‘i—was a small quarter east of Baghdad, granted to him by the caliph al-Mahdi.
حَمَّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَسُفْيَانَ بنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. وَنَظَرَ فِي الكَلاَمِ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ، وَانْسَلَخَ مِنَ الوَرَعِ وَالتَّقْوَى، وَجَرَّدَ القَوْلَ بِخَلْقِ القُرْآنِ، وَدَعَا إِلَيْهِ، حَتَّى كَانَ عَيْنَ الجَهْمِيَّة فِي عَصْرِهِ وَعَالِمَهُم، فَمَقَتَهُ أَهْلُ العِلْمِ، وَكَفَّرَهُ عِدَّةٌ، وَلَمْ يُدْرِكْ جَهْمَ بنَ صَفْوَانَ، بَلْ تَلَقَّفَ مَقَالاَتِهِ مِنْ أَتْبَاعِهِ. قَالَ البُوَيْطِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُوْلُ: نَاظَرْتُ المَرِيْسِيَّ، فَقَالَ: القُرْعَةُ قِمَارٌ. فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ حَدِيْثَ عِمْرَانَ بنِ حُصَيْنٍ فِي القُرْعَةِ (١) ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَهُ لأَبِي البَخْتَرِيِّ القَاضِي، فَقَالَ: شَاهِداً آخَرَ وَأَصْلِبُهُ (٢) . وَقَالَ أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بنُ القَاسِمِ: كَانَ وَالِدُ بِشْرٍ يَهُوْدِيّاً، قَصَّاراً، صَبَّاغاً فِي سُوَيْقَةِ نَصْرٍ (٣) . وَلِلمَرِيْسِيِّ تَصَانِيْفُ جَمَّةٌ. ذَكَرَهُ النَّدِيْمُ، وَأَطْنَبَ فِي تَعْظِيْمِهِ. وَقَالَ: كَانَ دَيِّناً، وَرِعاً، مُتَكَلِّماً. ثُمَّ حَكَى أَنَّ البَلْخِيَّ قَالَ: بَلَغَ مِنْ وَرَعِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لاَ يَطَأُ أَهْلَهُ لَيْلاً مَخَافَةَ
(١) أخرجه مسلم (١٦٦٨) في الايمان: باب من أعتق شركا له في عبد، وأبو داود (٣٩٥٨) في العتق: باب فيمن أعتق عبيدا له لم يبلغهم الثلث، والترمذي (١٣٦٤) في الاحكام: باب ما جاء فيمن يعتق مماليكه عند موته، وأحمد ٤ / ٤٢٦ كلهم من طريق أيوب، عن أبي قلابة، عن أبي المهلب، عن عمران بن حصين: أن رجلا أعتق ستة مملوكين له عند موته، لم يكن له مال غيرهم، فدعا بهم رسول الله ﷺ فجزأهم أثلاثا، ثم أقرع بينهم، فأعتق اثنين، وأرق أربعة، وقال له قولا شديدا. وأخرجه النسائي ٤ / ٦٤ في الجنائز: باب الصلاة على من يحيف في وصيته، وأحمد ٤ / ٤٣٨ و٤٣٩ و٤٤٥ و٤٤٦ من طرق عن الحسن البصري، عن عمران بن حصين. (٢) " تاريخ بغداد " ٧ / ٦٠، و" ميزان الاعتدال " ١ / ٣٢٣. (٣) " الفوائد البهية " ص ٥٤. وسويقة نصر - نسبة إلى نصر بن مالك الخزاعي - محلة صغيرة بشرقي بغداد، أقطعه إياها المهدي.

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