Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

How far-fetched! “I ask you for proof, yet you answer, ‘My teacher said so,’ when in fact the burden of evidence lies upon both you and your teacher.”

Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Ṭālib, the ḥāfiẓ (hadith master), said: “I asked Abū Qudāmah al-Sarakh­sī about al-Shāfiʿī, Aḥmad, Abū ʿUbayd, and Ibn Rāhawayh. He replied, ‘Al-Shāfiʿī is the most learned jurist among them.’”

Yahyā ibn Manṣūr the judge said: “I heard the Imām of the Imāms, Ibn Khuzaymah, say—and I asked him, ‘Do you know of any Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning what is lawful and unlawful that al-Shāfiʿī failed to include in his books?’ He answered, ‘No.’ ⦗1⦘”

Harmalah related that al-Shāfiʿī said: “I was teaching people to read the Quran when I was thirteen years old, and I had memorised the Muwaṭṭaʾ before reaching puberty.”

Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Ṭūsī narrated to us: Abū Ismāʿīl al-Tirmidhī told us, “I heard al-Buwayṭī say: Al-Shāfiʿī was asked, ‘How many uṣūl (primary evidences) underlie the rulings?’ He replied, ‘Five hundred.’ He was asked, ‘How many uṣūl of the Sunnah are there?’ He said, ‘Five hundred.’ It was asked, ‘How many of these are in Mālik’s possession?’ He answered, ‘All of them except thirty-five hadiths.’ It was asked, ‘And how many does Ibn ʿUyaynah have?’ He said, ‘All of them except five.’ ⦗2⦘”

Al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān said: “I heard al-Shāfiʿī state: ‘Whoever swears by one of the names of Allah and then breaks his oath must offer expiation, for the name of Allah is uncreated. But whoever swears by the Kaʿba or by al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah has no expiation to make, because these are created.’ ⦗3⦘”

(1) Ibn Asakir, Tarikh. This is an exaggeration that cannot be sustained and would not have pleased al-Shafi‘i, for anyone who surveys his works and compares the Sunan they contain with what is recorded in the various Musnads and Sunan will find the matter otherwise. (2) Al-Bayhaqi, Manaqib, vol. 1, p. 519. (3) The report has already been cited on p. 19, note 2.
أَسْأَلُكَ عَنِ الحُجَّةِ، وَتَقُوْلُ: قَالَ مُعَلِّمِي، وَإِنَّمَا الحُجَّةُ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى مُعَلِّمِكَ. قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ الحَافِظُ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا قُدَامَةَ السَّرَخْسِيَّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَأَحْمَدَ، وَأَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، وَابْنِ رَاهْوَيْه، فَقَالَ: الشَّافِعِيُّ أَفْقَهُهُمْ. قَالَ يَحْيَى بنُ مَنْصُوْرٍ القَاضِي: سَمِعْتُ إِمَامَ الأَئِمَّةِ ابْنَ خُزَيْمَةَ يَقُوْلُ: وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: هَلْ تَعْرِفُ سُنَّةً لِرَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الحَلاَلِ وَالحَرَامِ لَمْ يُوْدِعْهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ كُتُبَهُ؟ قَالَ: لاَ (١) . قَالَ حَرْمَلَةُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كُنْتُ أُقْرِئُ النَّاسَ وَأَنَا ابْنُ ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَحَفِظْتُ (المُوَطَّأَ) قَبْلَ أَنْ أَحْتَلِمَ. قَالَ الحَسَنُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ الطُّوْسِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيْلَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، سَمِعْتُ البُوَيْطِيَّ يَقُوْلُ: سُئِلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَمْ أُصُوْلُ الأَحْكَامِ؟ فَقَالَ: خَمْسُ مائَةٍ. قِيْلَ لَهُ: كَمْ أُصُوْلُ السُّنَنِ؟ قَالَ: خَمْسُ مائَةٍ. قِيْلَ لَهُ: كَمْ مِنْهَا عِنْدَ مَالِكٍ؟ قَالَ: كُلُّهَا إِلاَّ خَمْسَةً وَثَلاَثِيْنَ حَدِيْثاً. قِيْلَ لَهُ: كَمْ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ؟ قَالَ: كُلُّهَا إِلاَّ خَمْسَةً (٢) . قَالَ الرَّبِيْعُ بنُ سُلَيْمَانَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُوْلُ: مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاسْمٍ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللهِ فَحَنِثَ، فَعَلَيْهِ الكَفَّارَةُ؛ لأَنَّ اسْمَ اللهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوْقٍ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِالكَعْبَةِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالمَرْوَةِ، فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ؛ لأَنَّهُ مَخْلُوْقٌ (٣) .
(١) " تاريخ ابن عساكر ". وهذه مبالغة لا تسلم لقائلها ولا يرضى عنها الشافعي، فإن من يطالع كتب الشافعي ويقارن بين ما جاء فيها من السنن، وبين ما هو مدون من المسانيد والسنن يتبين له خلاف ذلك. (٢) " مناقب " البيهقي ١ / ٥١٩. (٣) تقدم الخبر في الصفحة (١٩) تعليق رقم (٢) .

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