Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām, the philologist, related: “We kept the company of al-Shāfiʿī for a long time, and I never once heard him commit a single grammatical slip.” (1)

I say: How could it be otherwise, when he is the very yardstick of eloquence? He was the most articulate man of Quraysh in his day, and people actually learned the language from him.

Ahmad ibn Abī Surayj al-Rāzī said, “I have never seen anyone whose diction was clearer or whose speech more articulate than al-Shāfiʿī.” (2)

Al-Aṣmaʿī remarked, “I learned the poetry of Hudhayl from al-Shāfiʿī.” (3)

Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkār stated, “I mastered the poetry of Hudhayl—and the accounts that go with it—from my uncle Muṣʿab ibn ʿAbd Allāh, and he used to say, ‘I memorised it from al-Shāfiʿī.’” (4)

Mūsā ibn Sahl al-Jawni (5) narrated: Ahmad ibn Ṣāliḥ told us that al-Shāfiʿī said to him, “Devote yourself to worship before you assume leadership, for if you become a leader you will no longer find the opportunity to worship.”

Ahmad added, “Whenever al-Shāfiʿī spoke, his voice had the clear ring of cymbals and bells, so melodious was his tone.” (6)

Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam said, “I never saw al-Shāfiʿī debate anyone without feeling compassion for that person, and if…"

(1) Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh, vol. 15, 5/1; Ibn Hajar, Tawali al-Taʾsis, p. 60. (2) Adab al-Shafiʿi, p. 137; Tawali al-Taʾsis, p. 58. (3) Maʿrifat al-Sunan wa-l-Athar, vol. 1, p. 127; al-Bayhaqi, Manaqib, vol. 2, p. 44; al-Fakhr al-Razi, Manaqib, p. 87. (4) Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh, vol. 14, 411/1 and vol. 15, 6/1; al-Bayhaqi, Manaqib, vol. 2, p. 45. (5) The nisba “al-Jawni” refers to al-Jawn, a branch of the Azd tribe. (6) Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh, vol. 15, 6/1; al-Bayhaqi, Manaqib, vol. 2, p. 51; Tawali al-Taʾsis, p. 60. The sanj (a cymbal) is a circular brass plate struck against another of the same kind for musical pleasure.
فَعَنْ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ بنِ هِشَامٍ اللُّغَوِيِّ، قَالَ: طَالَتْ مُجَالَسَتُنَا لِلشَّافِعِيِّ، فَمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ لَحْنَةً قَطُّ (١) . قُلْتُ: أَنَّى يَكُوْنُ ذَلِكَ وَبِمِثْلِهِ فِي الفَصَاحَةِ يُضْرَبُ المَثَلُ، كَانَ أَفْصَحُ قُرَيْشٍ فِي زَمَانِهِ، وَكَانَ مِمَّا يُؤْخَذُ عَنْهُ اللُّغَةُ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ أَبِي سُرَيْجٍ الرَّازِيُّ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَداً أَفْوَهَ، وَلاَ أَنْطَقَ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ (٢) . وَقَالَ الأَصْمَعِيُّ: أَخَذْتُ شِعْرَ هُذَيْلٍ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ (٣) . وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بنُ بكَّارٍ: أَخَذْتُ شِعْرَ هُذَيْلٍ وَوقَائِعهَا عَنْ عَمِّي مُصْعَبٍ بنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَقَالَ: أَخَذْتُهَا مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ حِفْظاً (٤) . قَالَ مُوْسَى بنُ سَهْلٍ الجَوْنِيُّ (٥) : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ صَالِحٍ، قَالَ لِي الشَّافِعِيُّ: تَعَبَّدْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَرَأَّسَ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَرَأَّسْتَ، لَمْ تَقْدِرْ أَنْ تَتَعَبَّدْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِذَا تَكَلَّمَ، كَأَنَّ صَوتَهُ صَوْتُ صَنْجٍ وَجَرَسٍ، مِنْ حُسْنِ صَوْتِهِ (٦) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ: مَا رَأَيْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يُنَاظِرُ أَحَداً إِلاَّ رَحِمْتُهُ، وَلَوْ
(١) " تاريخ ابن عساكر " ١٥ / ٥ / ١، و" توالي التأسيس ": ٦٠. (٢) " آداب الشافعي ": ١٣٧، و" توالي التأسيس ": ٥٨. (٣) " معرفة السنن والآثار " ١ / ١٢٧، و" مناقب " البيهقي ٢ / ٤٤، و" مناقب " الفخر الرازي ٨٧. (٤) " تاريخ ابن عساكر " ١٤ / ٤١١ / ١ و١٥ / ٦ / ١، و" مناقب " البيهقي ٢ / ٤٥. (٥) نسبة إلى الجون، بطن من الازد. (٦) " تاريخ ابن عساكر " ١٥ / ٦ / ١، و" مناقب " البيهقي ٢ / ٥١، و" توالي التأسيس ": ٦٠. والصنج: صفحة مدورة من النحاس الاصفر تضرب على أخرى مثلها للطرب.

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