Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī said, “I do not know of a single hadith related by al-Shāfiʿī that is mistaken.” (1)

I say: This is among the clearest proofs that he was reliable, an authoritative ḥāfiẓ (hadith master). What more confirmation could one want when such men make such statements?

The hadith scholar Abū Bakr al-Khaṭīb even authored a book establishing the admissibility of taking Imām al-Shāfiʿī’s reports as legal evidence; no one has ever spoken against him except an envious person or someone ignorant of his stature. Their baseless talk has only raised his standing and exalted his rank, and that is Allah’s way with His servants: “O you who believe, do not be like those who offended Moses; Allah cleared him of what they alleged, and he was honourable in Allah’s sight… O you who believe, be mindful of Allah and speak words that are right” (Al-Aḥzāb 33:69-70).

Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī declared, “Muḥammad ibn Idrīs is truthful.”

Al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān observed, “By Allah, al-Shāfiʿī’s tongue was greater than his books; had you seen him you would have said, ‘These writings are not his.’” (2)

Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā said, “Al-Shāfiʿī was nothing short of a magician. Whenever we sat in his presence, we could scarcely grasp what he was saying (3); it was as though his words were sugar (4). He had been granted sweetness of speech, superb eloquence, extraordinary intelligence, a mind that flowed effortlessly, perfect articulacy, and ever-ready proof.”

(1) Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh, 15/2/1. (2) Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh, 15/5/1; al-Bayhaqi, Manaqib, 2/49-50, 274; Ibn Hajar, Tawali al-Taʾsis, p. 59. The material placed between brackets is taken from these two sources, as the corresponding sentence in the base manuscript is erased. (3) The line is obliterated in the manuscript and has been restored from Ibn ʿAsakir’s Tarikh. (4) Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh, 15/5/1; al-Bayhaqi, Manaqib, 2/50; Ibn Hajar, Tawali al-Taʾsis, p. 60. After the word “sakar” one further word is erased and remains undeciphered.
وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ: مَا أَعْلَمُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ حَدِيْثاً خَطَأً (١) . قُلْتُ: هَذَا مِنْ أَدَلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ ثِقَةٌ، حُجَّةٌ، حَافِظٌ، وَنَاهِيْكَ بِقَوْلِ مِثْلِ هَذَيْنِ. وَقَدْ صَنَّفَ الحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الخَطِيْبُ كِتَاباً فِي ثُبُوتِ الاحْتِجَاجِ بِالإِمَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَمَا تَكَلَّمَ فِيْهِ إِلاَّ حَاسِدٌ أَوْ جَاهِلٌ بِحَالِهِ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الكَلاَمُ البَاطِلُ مِنْهُم مُوْجِباً لارْتِفَاعِ شَأْنِهِ، وَعُلُوِّ قَدْرِهِ، وَتِلْكَ سُنَّةُ اللهِ فِي عِبَادِهِ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَكُوْنُوا كَالَّذِينَ آذَوْا مُوْسَى، فَبَرَّأَهُ اللهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا، وَكَانَ عِنْدَ اللهِ وَجِيهَا ... يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمنُوا اتَّقُوا اللهَ، وَقُوْلُوا قَوْلاً سَدِيداً﴾ [الأَحْزَابُ: ٦٩ و٧٠] . قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ: مُحَمَّدُ بنُ إِدْرِيْسَ صَدُوْقٌ. وَقَالَ الرَّبِيْعُ بنُ سُلَيْمَانَ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ -وَاللهِ- لِسَانُهُ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ كُتُبِهِ، لَوْ رَأَيتُمُوهُ، لَقُلْتُمْ إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَيْسَتْ كُتُبُهُ (٢) . وَعَنْ يُوْنُسَ بنِ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، قَالَ: مَا كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلاَّ سَاحِراً، مَا كُنَّا (٣) نَدْرِي مَا يَقُوْلُ إِذَا قَعَدْنَا حَوْلَهُ، كَأَنَّ أَلفَاظَهُ سُكَّرٌ (٤) ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أُوتِيَ عُذُوبَةَ مَنْطِقٍ، وَحُسْنَ بَلاغَةٍ، وَفَرْطَ ذَكَاءٍ، وَسَيَلاَنَ ذِهْنٍ، وَكَمَالَ فَصَاحَةٍ، وَحُضُوْرَ حُجَّةٍ.
(١) " تاريخ ابن عساكر " ١٥ / ٢ / ١. (٢) " تاريخ ابن عساكر " ١٥ / ٥ / ١، و" مناقب " البيهقي ٢ / ٤٩ - ٥٠ و٢٧٤، و" توالي التأسيس ": ٥٩، وما بين حاصرتين منهما، فإن في الأصل مكان هذه الجملة طمسا. (٣) طمس في الأصل، واستدرك من " تاريخ ابن عساكر ". (٤) " تاريخ ابن عساكر " ١٥ / ٥ / ١، و" مناقب " البيهقي ٢ / ٥٠، و" توالي التأسيس ": ٦٠. وبعد قوله " سكر " كلمة مطموسة لم أتبينها.

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