Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Jupiter burst forth from her private parts, then swooped down upon Egypt, after which splinters of it fell into every town. The dream-interpreters explained that she would bear a scholar whose knowledge would first benefit the people of Egypt and would thereafter spread to all lands. (1)

This report, however, has a broken chain of transmission.

According to a narration cited by Ibn Abī Ḥātim, conveyed through the nephew of Ibn Wahb, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shāfiʿī said:

“I was born in Yemen—that is, among the tribe, for my mother was from the Azd. My mother feared that I might become lost and said, ‘Join your own people so that you may grow up like them; I fear that your lineage will be effaced.’ She therefore outfitted me for Mecca, and I entered it at the age of ten. I stayed with a relative and began seeking knowledge, but he would tell me, ‘Do not busy yourself with this; turn to something that will benefit you.’ Yet all my pleasure was in learning.” (2)

Ibn Abī Ḥātim relates: I heard ʿAmr ibn Sawwād say, “Al-Shāfiʿī told me, ‘I was born in ʿAsqalān, and when I was two years old my mother brought me to Mecca.’”

Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam reports that al-Shāfiʿī said to him, “I was born in Gaza in the year 150 AH and was carried to Mecca when I was two.”

(1) The report is recorded in al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 2, pp. 58–59. (2) Ibn Abi Hatim, Adab al-Shafi‘i, pp. 21–22; al-Bayhaqi, Manaqib al-Shafi‘i, 1:73–74; Maʿrifat al-Sunan wa-l-Athar, 1:128; al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, 2:59; al-Razi, Manaqib al-Shafi‘i, p. 8; Ibn Hajar, Tawali al-Ta’sis, pp. 49–50. Ibn Hajar remarks on the statement “I was born in Yemen”: “Our grand-teacher, the hafiz Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi, said this claim is mistaken—unless ‘Yemen’ refers to a tribe.” Ibn Hajar adds: “Al-Bayhaqi had already noted this in the Madkhal, and the explanation is plausible. Perhaps Ahmad b. ʿAbd al-Rahman confused ‘I was born’ with ‘I was raised.’ Synthesizing the reports, al-Shafi‘i was born in Gaza (Asqalan); when he was two, his mother took him to the Hijaz to join her people, who were Yemenis of the Azd tribe. They settled there until he was ten, but fearing that his noble lineage might be lost, she then moved him to Mecca.”
المُشْتَرِي خَرَجَ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، حَتَّى انْقَضَّ بِمِصْرَ، ثُمَّ وَقَعَ فِي كُلِّ بَلْدَةٍ مِنْهُ شَظِيَّةٌ، فَتَأَوَلَّهُ المُعَبِّرُوْنَ أَنَّهَا تَلِدُ عَالِماً، يَخُصُّ عِلْمَهُ أَهْلَ مِصْرَ، ثُمَّ يَتَفَرَّقُ فِي البُلْدَانِ (١) . هَذِهِ رِوَايَةٌ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ. وَعَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيِّ - فِيْمَا نَقَلَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ - عَنِ ابْنِ أَخِي ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْهُ، قَالَ: وُلِدْتُ بِاليَمَنِ -يَعْنِي: القَبِيْلَةَ، فَإِنَّ أُمَّهُ أَزْدِيَّةٌ- قَالَ: فَخَافَتْ أُمِّي عَلَيَّ الضَّيْعَةَ، وَقَالَتْ: الْحَقْ بِأَهْلِكَ، فَتَكُوْنَ مِثْلَهُمْ، فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تُغْلَبَ عَلَى نَسَبِكَ. فَجَهَّزَتْنِي إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَدِمْتُهَا يَوْمَئِذٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِيْنَ، فَصِرْتُ إِلَى نَسِيْبٍ لِي، وَجَعَلْتُ أَطْلُبُ العِلْمَ، فَيَقُوْلُ لِي: لاَ تَشْتَغِلْ بِهَذَا، وَأَقبِلْ عَلَى مَا يَنْفَعُكَ، فَجُعِلَتْ لَذَّتِي فِي العِلْمِ (٢) . قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بن سَوَّادٍ: قَالَ لِيَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وُلِدْتُ بِعَسْقَلاَنَ، فَلَمَّا أَتَى عَلَيَّ سَنَتَانِ، حَمَلَتْنِي أُمِّي إِلَى مَكَّةَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ: قَالَ لِي الشَّافِعِيُّ: وُلِدْتُ بِغَزَّةَ، سَنَةَ خَمْسِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ، وَحُمِلْتُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ابْنَ سَنَتَيْنِ.
(١) الخبر في " تاريخ بغداد " ٢ / ٥٨، ٥٩. (٢) " آداب الشافعي " لابن أبي حاتم ٢١، ٢٢، و" مناقب الشافعي " للبيهقي ١ / ٧٣، ٧٤ و" معرفة السنن والآثار " ١ / ١٢٨، و" تاريخ بغداد " ٢ / ٥٩، و" مناقب الشافعي " للرازي: ٨، و" توالي التأسيس " ٤٩ - ٥٠، وقد علق الحافظ ابن حجر على قوله: ولدت باليمن، فقال: قال الحافظ شمس الدين الذهبي شيخ شيوخنا: هذا القول غلط إلا أن يريد باليمن قبيلة. قلت (القائل ابن حجر) : سبقه إلى ذلك البيهقي في المدخل، وهو محتمل، أو وهم أحمد بن عبد الرحمن في قوله: ولدت، وإنما أراد نشأت، فالذي يجمع الأقوال أنه ولد بغزة عسقلان، ولما بلغ سنتين حولته أمه إلى الحجاز ودخلت به إلى قومها وهم من أهل اليمن لأنها كانت أزدية، فنزلت عندهم، فلما بلغ عشرا خافت على نسبه الشريف أن ينسى ويضيع، فحولته إلى مكة.

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