Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

and Harthama was sent against them and brought them under control.

In the Jazira the Kharijite rebel al-Walid ibn Tarif rose up; his influence swelled, his forces multiplied, he killed the governor Ibrahim ibn Khazim, seized Armenia, and then turned toward al-Khabr. (1)

Al-Fadl next led a mighty army into Transoxiana, pacifying its realms. He was a gallant, courageous and open-handed man—at times a single act of generosity from him reached a full million. After him, Khurasan was entrusted to Mansur al-Himyari. Meanwhile the danger posed by Ibn Tarif grew acute, so Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani marched out against him, devised a stratagem, surprised him by night and killed him, scattering his troops.

In the year (79) (179) al-Rashid performed the ‘umrah in Ramadan and remained in a state of consecration until he completed the Hajj, walking from Batn Makkah. (2)

The feud between Qays and Yaman in Syria intensified and blood was shed.

In the year eighty al-Rashid took up residence in al-Raqqah and there built the palace of the caliphate.

An earthquake then struck, hurling down the apex of the lighthouse of Alexandria.

The Muḥammirah rebelled in Jurjan. (3)

Al-Rashid launched a campaign, penetrating deep into Byzantine territory; he captured al-Safsaf and his army reached Ankara. (4)

Yahya requested dismissal along with his vizier, and he dwelt near the Sacred Precinct for a year; the Byzantines then attacked and blinded

(1) See al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 8, p. 256; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, vol. 6, p. 141. (2) Tarikh al-Khulafa, p. 288. (3) The al-Muhammara were a faction of the Khurramiya—the followers of Babak al-Khurrami—who were opposed to the al-Mubayyida. (4) Al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 8, p. 268; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, vol. 6, p. 158.
إِلَيْهِم هَرْثَمَةُ، فَهَذَّبَهُم. وَثَارَ بِالجَزِيْرَةِ الوَلِيْدُ بنُ طَرِيْفٍ الخَارِجِيُّ، وَعَظُمَ، وَكَثُرَتْ جُيُوْشُهُ، وَقَتَلَ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ بنَ خَازِمٍ الأَمِيْرَ، وَأَخَذَ إِرْمِيْنِيَةَ، وَعَدَلَ عَنِ الخَبْرِ (١) . وَغَزَا الفَضْلُ بِجَيْشٍ عَظِيْمٍ مَا وَرَاءَ النَّهرِ، وَمَهَّدَ المَمَالِكَ، وَكَانَ بَطَلاً، شُجَاعاً، جَوَاداً، رُبَّمَا وَصَلَ الوَاحِدَ بِأَلفِ أَلفٍ، وَوَلِيَ بَعْدَهُ خُرَاسَانَ مَنْصُوْرٌ الحِمْيَرِيُّ، وَعَظُمَ الخَطبُ بِابْنِ طرِيْفٍ، ثُمَّ سَارَ لِحَرْبِهِ يَزِيْدُ بنُ مَزْيَدٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، وَتَحَيَّلَ عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى بَيَّتَه وَقَتَلَهُ، وَمَزَّقَ جُمُوْعَهُ. وَفِي سَنَةِ (٧٩) (١٧٩) : اعْتَمَرَ الرَّشِيْدُ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَاسْتَمَرَّ عَلَى إِحرَامِهِ إِلَى أَنْ حَجَّ مَاشِياً مِنْ بَطْنِ مَكَّةَ (٢) . وَتَفَاقَمَ الأَمْرُ بَيْنَ قَيْسٍ وَيَمَنٍ بِالشَّامِ، وَسَالَتِ الدِّمَاءُ. وَاسْتَوطَنَ الرَّشِيْدُ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانِيْنَ الرَّقَّةَ، وَعَمَرَ بِهَا دَارَ الخِلاَفَةِ. وَجَاءتِ الزَّلْزَلَةُ الَّتِي رَمَتْ رَأْسَ مَنَارَةِ الإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ. وَخَرَجَتِ المُحَمِّرَةُ بِجُرْجَانَ (٣) . وَغَزَا الرَّشِيْدُ، وَوَغَلَ فِي أَرْضِ الرُّوْمِ، فَافْتَتَحَ الصَّفْصَافَ، وَبَلَغَ جَيْشُهُ أَنْقرَةَ (٤) . وَاسْتَعفَى يَحْيَى وَزِيْرُهُ، وَجَاوَرَ سَنَةً، وَوَثَبَتِ الرُّوْمُ، فَسَمَلُوا
(١) انظر " تاريخ الطبري " ٨ / ٢٥٦، و" الكامل " لابن الأثير ٦ / ١٤١. (٢) " تاريخ الخلفاء ": ٢٨٨. (٣) المحمرة: فرقة من الخرمية - وهم أتباع بابك المخرمي - يخالفون المبيضة. (٤) " الطبري " ٨ / ٢٦٨، و" الكامل " لابن الأثير ٦ / ١٥٨.

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