Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (9/56)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

some point of criticism was levelled against his hadith—apart from Muʿādh al-ʿAnbarī; they simply could not fasten upon him with a single narration, despite his being absorbed in judicial duties.

Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdah said: “Muʿādh ibn Muʿādh narrated to us: When the Abbasids arrived, they began with the prayer before the sermon, whereupon the people dispersed saying, ‘The Sunnah has been changed, the Sunnah has been changed on the day of ʿEid.’ (1)

Al-Fallas said: I heard Yaḥyā al-Qaṭṭān say, ‘I was born at the very beginning of 120 AH, and Muʿādh ibn Muʿādh was born at the end of 119 AH; he was two months older than I.’

ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Muʿādh said: ‘My father died in 196 AH.’

Ibn Saʿd said: ‘He was reliable; he held the judgeship of Basra for Hārūn, Commander of the Believers, then was removed from office, and he died in Basra, in Rabīʿ al-Ākhir of 196 AH.’

Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad informed us, saying: al-Ḥasan ibn Ṣabbāḥ informed us; ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rifāʿah informed us; Abū al-Ḥasan informed us

(1) The Umayyads introduced the innovation of delivering the sermon before the two ‘Id prayers. When the Abbasids returned the order to what it had been during the Prophet ﷺ and the Rightly Guided Caliphs, people imagined that the sunnah itself had been changed, because they had come to regard the sermon-first arrangement as normative. Imam Muslim relates this in his Sahih (no. 889, “The Prayer of the Two ‘Ids”): Abu Saʿid al-Khudri said: “…I went out, holding Marwan’s arm, until we reached the prayer ground. Kathir ibn al-Salt had put up a pulpit of mud bricks. Marwan tried to drag me toward the pulpit while I pulled him toward the prayer. Seeing this, I asked, ‘Where is starting with the prayer?’ He replied, ‘No, Abu Saʿid, what you know has been abandoned.’ I said, ‘By the One in whose hand is my soul, you will never bring anything better than what I know,’ three times, and I left.” Ibn Hazm likewise notes that the Umayyads were the first to place the sermon before the prayer (al-Muhalla, 5/85).

تُعِلِّقَ عَلَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الحَدِيْثِ، إِلاَّ مُعَاذاً العَنْبَرِيَّ، مَا قَدِرُوا أَنْ يَتَعَلَّقُوا عَلَيْهِ بِحَدِيْثٍ، مَعَ شُغْلِهِ بِالقَضَاءِ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَبْدَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بنُ مُعَاذٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ بَنُو العَبَّاسِ، بَدَؤُوا بِالصَّلاَةِ قَبْلَ الخُطْبَةِ، فَانْصَرَفَ النَّاسُ وَهُم يَقُوْلُوْنَ: بُدِّلَتِ السُّنَّةُ، بُدِّلَتِ السُّنَّةُ يَوْمَ العِيْدِ (١) . قَالَ الفَلاَّسُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى القَطَّانَ يَقُوْلُ: وُلِدْتُ سَنَةَ عِشْرِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ، فِي أَوَّلِهَا، وَوُلِدَ مُعَاذُ بنُ مُعَاذٍ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَمائَةٍ، فِي آخِرِهَا، كَانَ أَكْبَرَ مِنِّي بِشَهْرَيْنِ. وَقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعَاذٍ: مَاتَ أَبِي سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَتِسْعِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: كَانَ ثِقَةً، وَلِيَ قَضَاءَ البَصْرَةِ لِهَارُوْنَ أَمِيْرِ المُؤْمِنِيْنَ، ثُمَّ عُزِلَ، وَتُوُفِّيَ بِالبَصْرَةِ، فِي ربِيْعٍ الآخِرِ، سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَتِسْعِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيْلُ بنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعَلِيُّ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالاَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ صَبَّاحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ رِفَاعَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الحَسَنِ

(١) وذلك أن بني أمية قدموا الخطبة على الصلاة في العيدين، فلما أعادها العباسيون إلى ما كانت عليه زمن النبي ﷺ، والخلفاء الراشدين ظن الناس أن السنة قد بدلت، لما كانوا يعتقدون أن ما هم عليه من الخطبة قبل الصلاة هو السنة، وقد روى هذا الامام مسلم في " صحيحه " (٨٨٩) في صلاة العيدين: عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال:..فخرجت مخاصرا مروان حتى أتينا المصلى، فإذا كثير بن الصلت قد بنى منبرا من طين ولبن، فإذا مروان ينازعني يده، كأنه يجرني نحو المنبر، وأنا أجره نحو الصلاة، فلما رأيت ذلك منه قلت: أين الابتداء بالصلاة؟ فقال: لا يا أبا سعيد! قد ترك ما تعلم. قلت: كلا، والذي نفسي بيده! لا تأتون بخير مما أعلم ثلاث مرار ثم انصرف. ونقل ابن حزم في " المحلى " ٥ / ٨٥ أن بني أمية أحدثوا تقديم الخطبة قبل الصلاة.