Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Abu Muʿīn al-Rāzī reported—on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn—that he said:
“Shuʿbah treated Baqiyyah with marked respect when the latter arrived in Baghdad.”

ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal said: My father was asked about Baqiyyah and Ismāʿīl. He replied:
“Baqiyyah is dearer to me; but whenever he relates from people who are not well-known, do not accept what he transmits.”

Aḥmad ibn Zuhayr said: Ibn Maʿīn was asked about Baqiyyah and answered:
“If he narrates from reliable transmitters such as Ṣafwān ibn ʿAmr and others, then fine. If, however, he reports from those unknown individuals, then no. And if he mentions a man only by his kunya or withholds his name, the report is worthless.”
He was then asked, “Which of the two is more firmly established—he or Ismāʿīl?” He replied, “Both of them are sound.”

Yaʿqūb ibn Shaybah—citing Aḥmad ibn al-ʿAbbās—heard Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn say:
“Baqiyyah narrates from someone younger than himself, and he possesses two thousand authentic ḥadiths traced back to Shuʿbah; he used to review fiqh with Shuʿbah.”

Abū Nuʿaym told me: “Baqiyyah was stingy with his narrations from the trustworthy. I asked him for Ṣafwān’s collection, and he said, ‘Ṣafwān’s collection?’”

Ibn Maʿīn then remarked: “He would relate one hundred ḥadiths from weak transmitters before narrating a single ḥadith from a reliable one.”

…al-Sharif, like many of the popular manuals on ethics and exhortation that circulate among people, so merely citing it as the source of a hadith is not enough, nor does it free the reader from blame. Those who considered it permissible to act upon a weak hadith in matters of virtuous deeds set three conditions: (1) the report must fall under an established general principle; (2) its weakness must not be severe, thereby excluding reports transmitted solely by fabricators, suspects, or narrators of gross error; and (3) when applying it, one must not believe it to be authentically established, lest something the Prophet ﷺ never said be attributed to him. The Damascene hadith scholar (may God have mercy on him) stipulated two further conditions for acting upon a weak hadith in virtuous deeds: (1) its wording must not be cited as a direct statement of the Prophet ﷺ, and (2) the ruling it conveys must not contradict an authentic hadith or a well-known legal ruling.
قَالَ أَبُو مُعِيْنٍ الرَّازِيُّ: عَنْ يَحْيَى بنِ مَعِيْنٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ شُعْبَةُ مُبَجِّلاً لِبَقِيَّةَ حَيْثُ قَدِمَ بَغْدَادَ. عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ أَحْمَدَ بنِ حَنْبَلٍ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبِي عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيْلَ، فَقَالَ: بَقِيَّةُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَإِذَا حَدَّثَ عَنْ قَوْمٍ لَيْسُوا بِمَعْرُوْفِيْنَ، فَلاَ تَقبَلُوْهُ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ زُهَيْرٍ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ مَعِيْنٍ عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ، فَقَالَ: إِذَا حَدَّثَ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ مِثْلِ صَفْوَانَ بنِ عَمْرٍو، وَغَيْرِه، وَأَمَّا إِذَا حَدَّثَ عَنْ أُوْلَئِكَ المَجْهُوْلِيْنَ، فَلاَ، وَإِذَا كَنَّى الرَّجُلَ أَوْ لَمْ يُسَمِّ اسْمَهُ، فَلَيْسَ يُسَاوِي شَيْئاً. وَسُئِلَ أَيُّمَا أَثْبَتُ: هُوَ أَوْ إِسْمَاعِيْلُ؟ قَالَ: كِلاَهُمَا صَالِحَانِ. يَعْقُوْبُ بنُ شَيْبَةَ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بنِ العَبَّاسِ، سَمِعَهُ يَحْيَى بنُ مَعِيْنٍ يَقُوْلُ: بَقِيَّةُ يُحَدِّثُ عَمَّنْ هُوَ أَصْغَرُ مِنْهُ، وَعِنْدَهُ أَلْفَا حَدِيْثٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ صِحَاحٌ، كَانَ يُذَاكِرُ شُعْبَةَ بِالفِقْهِ. وَلَقَدْ قَالَ لِي أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: كَانَ بَقِيَّةُ يَضِنُّ بِحَدِيْثِهِ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ، طَلَبْتُ مِنْهُ كِتَابَ صَفْوَانَ، قَالَ: كِتَابُ صَفْوَانَ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ مَعِيْنٍ: كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ الضُّعَفَاءِ بِمائَةِ حَدِيْثٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحَدِّثَ عَنِ الثِّقَةِ بِحَدِيْثٍ.
= الشريف، ككثير من كتب الاخلاق والوعظ المنتشرة بالايدي، فلا يكفي عز والحديث إليها، ولا يخرج القارئ من الوزر. والذين سوغوا العمل بالحديث الضعيف في فضائل الاعمال، ذكروا له شروطا ثلاثة: الأول أن يكون مندرجا تحت أصل عام، والثاني: أن يكون الضعف غير شديد، فيخرج من انفرد من الكذابين والمتهمين ومن فحش غلطه، والثالث: ألا يعتقد عند العمل به ثبوته، لئلا ينسب إلى النبي ﷺ ما لم يقله. وقد اشترط الشيخ محدث الديار الشامية ﵀ في جواز العمل بالحديث الضعيف في فضائل الاعمال شرطين: الأول: عدم إسناد لفظه للنبي ﷺ، والثاني: ألا يخالف ما فيه من حكم حديثا صحيحا أو حكما معروفا.

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