and the ḥadith, “Indeed the hearts of the servants are between two fingers of the Most Merciful (1),”
and the ḥadith, “Indeed Allah is amazed—or He laughs—at the one who remembers Him in the marketplaces (2).”
Sufyān said, “They are exactly as they have been transmitted. We affirm them and relate them without asking how (3).”
Abū ʿUmar ibn Ḥayyūyah narrated: Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmmār told us; ʿUmar ibn Shabbah told us; ʿUbayd ibn Jannād told me: I heard Ibn ʿUyaynah—and they had asked him to relate some ḥadith—whereupon he said:
“I do not think you have any place for ḥadith, nor do I see myself fit for anyone to take from me. My situation and yours is only like what the ancients said: ‘They exposed themselves, then patched things up.’”
Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashʿath said: “I heard Ibn ʿUyaynah say: ‘Whoever acts upon what…’”}
= In the Qurʾanic commentary, transmitted through ʿUbayda al-Salmani from ʿAbd Allah ibn Masʿud: A Jewish scholar came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “O Muhammad, we read that Allah will place the heavens on one finger, the earths on one finger, and all the rest of creation on one finger, then He will say, ‘I am the King.’” The Prophet laughed until his molar teeth became visible, confirming the scholar’s words. He then recited: “They have not esteemed Allah as He should be esteemed; the whole earth will be in His grasp on the Day of Resurrection, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand. Exalted is He, far above what they associate with Him” (al-Zumar, 67).
(1) Reported by Muslim, 2654 (Book of Divine Decree, chapter: “Allah turns the hearts as He wills”), from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr, raised to the Prophet: “The hearts of all the children of Adam are between two fingers of the Most Merciful as though they were one heart; He turns them wherever He wills.” The Prophet then said, “O Allah, Controller of the hearts, turn our hearts toward Your obedience.” The same theme is also narrated by Anas (Tirmidhi, 2140), al-Nawwas ibn Samʿan (Ibn Majah, 199), ʿAʾisha (Ahmad, 6/250–251) and Umm Salama (Ahmad, 6/302).
(2) Narrated from ʿAli by Tirmidhi, 3446, and Abu Dawud, 2602, with a sound chain; authenticated by Ibn Hibban, 2380–2381, and al-Hakim, 2/98: “Your Lord marvels at His servant when he says, ‘My Lord, forgive my sins, for no one forgives sins but You.’” Al-Bukhari, 8/484–485, also records (from Abu Hurayra) the wording: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, marvelled—or laughed—at so-and-so.”
(3) This reflects the creed of the early Sunni generations regarding the divine attributes: they affirm whatever Allah has affirmed for Himself and whatever His Messenger has affirmed for Him, accepting the expressions according to their obvious sense befitting His majesty, without distortion (tahrif) or denial (taʿtil), and without asking how (takyif) or likening Him to creation (tamthil). This was the final view of Abu al-Maʿali al-Juwayni, the Imam of the Two Sanctuaries and teacher of al-Ghazali; in his work al-Nizamiyya, pp. 23–24, he explicitly forbade figurative interpretation of the revealed attributes, stating that this was the consensus of the salaf and that, had reinterpretation been permissible or obligatory, they would have given it more attention than anything else.