Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Adham, al-Fudayl ibn ʿIyad and his son, Sulayman al-Khawwas, Yusuf ibn Asbat, Abu Muʿawiyah Najih the servant, Hudhayfah al-Marʿashi, Dawud al-Taʾi, and Wuhayb ibn al-Ward.

Ibrahim ibn al-Ashʿath said: “I have never seen anyone in whose heart Allah was greater than in al-Fudayl’s. Whenever Allah was mentioned, or mention of Him reached him, or he heard the Quran, fear and grief would appear on him; his eyes would overflow and he would weep until those present felt compassion for him. He was constantly sorrowful, deep in thought. I have not seen a man who sought Allah with his knowledge and his deeds, his taking and his giving, his withholding and his bestowing, his dislike and his love—in every aspect of himself—like him. Whenever we accompanied him to a funeral, he would go on exhorting, reminding, and weeping as though bidding farewell to his companions and setting out for the Hereafter, until we reached the graves. There he would sit among the dead, overcome by grief and tears, and when he rose it was as though he had returned from the Hereafter to report on it.”

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn Yazid Mardawayh said: “I heard al-Fudayl say, ‘People have not adorned themselves with anything better than truthfulness and seeking lawful provision.’”

His son ʿAli said, “Father, lawful earnings are scarce.”

He replied, “My son, even a little of it is abundant with Allah.”

Sariy ibn al-Mughallis said: “I heard al-Fudayl say, ‘Whoever fears Allah, no one can harm him; and whoever fears anyone besides Allah, no one can benefit him.’”

Fayd ibn Ishaq related: “I heard al-Fudayl ibn ʿIyad when ʿAbd Allah ibn Malik asked him, ‘Abu ʿAli, how can we be delivered from what we are in?’ He answered, ‘Tell me—if someone obeys Allah, will another person’s disobedience harm him?’ He said, ‘No.’ He continued, ‘And if someone disobeys Allah, will another person’s obedience benefit him?’ He said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘That is deliverance, if you seek deliverance.’”

Ibrahim ibn al-Ashʿath also said: “I heard al-Fudayl say, ‘A servant’s awe of Allah is proportionate to his knowledge of Allah, and his detachment from the world is proportionate to his desire for the Hereafter. Whoever acts…’”

أَدْهَمَ، وَالفُضَيْلُ بنُ عِيَاضٍ، وَابْنُهُ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ الخَوَّاصُ، وَيُوْسُفُ بنُ أَسْبَاطٍ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ نَجِيْحٌ الخَادِمُ، وَحُذَيْفَةُ المَرْعَشِيُّ، وَدَاوُدُ الطَّائِيُّ، وَوُهَيْبُ بنُ الوَرْدِ. وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ الأَشْعَثِ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَداً كَانَ اللهُ فِي صَدْرِهِ أَعْظَمَ مِنَ الفُضَيْلِ، كَانَ إِذَا ذَكَرَ اللهَ، أَوْ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ، أَوْ سَمِعَ القُرْآنَ، ظَهَرَ بِهِ مِنَ الخَوْفِ وَالحُزْنِ، وَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، وَبَكَى، حَتَّى يَرْحَمَهُ مَنْ يَحضُرُهُ، وَكَانَ دَائِمَ الحُزْنِ، شَدِيْدَ الفِكرَةِ، مَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً يُرِيْدُ اللهَ بِعِلْمِهِ وَعَمَلِهِ، وَأَخْذِهِ وَعَطَائِهِ، وَمَنْعِهِ وَبَذْلِهِ، وَبُغْضِهِ وَحُبِّهِ، وَخِصَالِهِ كُلِّهَا غَيْرَهُ، كُنَّا إِذَا خَرَجْنَا مَعَهُ فِي جَنَازَةٍ لاَ يَزَالُ يَعِظُ وَيُذَكِّرُ وَيَبْكِي، كَأَنَّهُ مُوَدِّعٌ أَصْحَابَه، ذَاهِبٌ إِلَىالآخِرَةِ، حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ المَقَابِرَ، فَيَجْلِسُ مَكَانَهُ بَيْنَ المَوْتَى مِنَ الحُزْنِ وَالبُكَاءِ، حَتَّى يَقُوْمَ وَكَأَنَّهُ رَجَعَ مِنَ الآخِرَةِ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْهَا. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ يَزِيْدَ مَرْدَوَيْه: سَمِعْتُ الفُضَيْلَ يَقُوْلُ: لَمْ يَتَزَيَّنِ النَّاسُ بِشَيْءٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الصِّدْقِ، وَطَلَبِ الحَلاَلِ. فَقَالَ ابْنُهُ عَلِيٌّ: يَا أَبَةِ! إِنَّ الحَلاَلَ عَزِيْزٌ. قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، وَإِنَّ قَلِيْلَهُ عِنْدَ اللهِ كَثِيْرٌ. قَالَ سَرِيُّ بنُ المُغَلِّسِ: سَمِعْتُ الفُضَيْلَ يَقُوْلُ: مَنْ خَافَ اللهَ، لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ أَحَدٌ، وَمَنْ خَافَ غَيْرَ اللهِ، لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ أَحَدٌ. وَقَالَ فَيْضُ بنُ إِسْحَاقَ: سَمِعْتُ الفُضَيْلَ بنَ عِيَاضٍ وَسَأَلَه عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ مَالِكٍ: يَا أَبَا عَلِيٍّ! مَا الخَلاَصُ مِمَّا نَحْنُ فِيْهِ؟ قَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي، مَنْ أَطَاعَ اللهَ هَلْ تَضُرُّهُ مَعْصِيَةُ أَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ: لاَ. قَالَ: فَمَنْ يَعصِي اللهَ هَلْ تَنفَعُهُ طَاعَةُ أَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ: لاَ. قَالَ: هُوَ الخَلاَصُ، إِنْ أَرَدْتَ الخَلاَصَ. قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ الأَشْعَثِ: سَمِعْتُ الفُضَيْلَ يَقُوْلُ: رَهْبَةُ العَبْدِ مِنَ اللهِ عَلَى قَدْرِ عِلْمِهِ بِاللهِ، وَزَهَادَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَلَى قَدْرِ رَغْبَتِهِ فِي الآخِرَةِ، مَنْ عَمِلَ

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