Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather—traced back to the Prophet ﷺ—who said, “A killer has no share in the estate (1).”
This narration is not sound, for a number of transmitters have related it from ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb on the authority of ʿUmar as the latter’s own statement; the chain is therefore broken and the report is mawqūf.
Abū al-Yamān transmitted—from Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAyyāsh, from Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, from Anas ibn Mālik—traced back to the Prophet ﷺ: “The best of your women are the chaste and the passionately devoted (2).” This ḥadīth is rejected.
Even so, al-Tirmidhī has declared several other narrations of Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAyyāsh, when he reports from the scholars of his own region, to be authentic—among them the ḥadīth, “No bequest may be made in favor of an heir (3),” and the ḥadīth, “It is enough for the son of Adam to eat a few morsels that keep his back straight (4).”
(1) Abu Dawud transmits the report (no. 4564) through the isnad of Muhammad b. Rashid – Sulayman b. Musa – Amr b. Shuayb – his father – his grandfather. It belongs to the long hadith on blood-money and ends with the words: “The killer has no entitlement. If the deceased has no heir, his estate goes to the nearest agnate, but the killer inherits nothing.” Parallel versions exist: from Abu Hurayra in al-Tirmidhi (2110) and Ibn Majah (2735) with a weak chain; from Umar b. Shiba b. Abi Kabir, recorded by al-Tabarani (cited in Majma al-Zawaid, 4/230); and from Ibn Abbas in al-Darqutni (no. 465), whose isnad contains Layth b. Abi Sulaym, a weak transmitter. Abd al-Razzaq (no. 17778, via al-Bayhaqi 6/220) also relates it through Mamar – an unnamed transmitter – Ikrima – Ibn Abbas: “Whoever commits a killing does not inherit from his victim, even if he is the sole heir, whether father or son; the Messenger of Allah ruled that the killer receives no inheritance.” The anonymous transmitter is Amr b. Burq (so identified by Abd al-Razzaq) and he too is judged weak. Taken together, however, these supporting chains raise the overall report to a level suitable for corroboration.
(2) Al-Suyuti cites the hadith in al-Jami al-Saghir, attributing it to al-Daylami in Musnad al-Firdaws.
(3) Sound hadith. Abu Dawud (2870), Ibn Majah (2713) and al-Tirmidhi (2121) narrate, on the authority of Abu Umama: “Verily Allah has granted every rightful claimant his due; therefore no testamentary bequest may be made in favour of an heir.” It is corroborated by: the report of Amr b. Kharija (Tirmidhi 2122; Nasa i 6/247; Ibn Majah 2712); another from Anas (Ibn Majah 1714); a third from Abd Allah b. Amr b. al-As (Darqutni 2/446); a fourth also in Darqutni 2/466; and a fifth from Ali in Ibn Abi Shayba.
(4) Al-Tirmidhi (2380) and Ahmad (4/132) report from al-Miqdam b. Ma diykarib that he heard the Messenger of Allah say: “No human vessel is worse filled than the belly. It is enough for the son of Adam to eat a few mouthfuls …”