He was a man of sound judgment, firm resolve, courage, and bold initiative.

He was given the pledge of allegiance upon his father’s death in the year 238 AH, at the age of thirty-one, in accordance with the succession his father had stipulated.

His mother was a concubine.

His dominion expanded steadily. It is said that he would penetrate deep into Byzantine territory, remaining on campaign for a year or longer.

Abū al-Muẓaffar Ibn al-Jawzī said: He was the commander in the battle of Salīṭ (1), a famous engagement the like of which al-Andalus had never witnessed before. It is reported that three hundred thousand unbelievers were killed there—something of which we have heard no parallel. He added that the poets composed many panegyrics in his honour.

Al-Yasaʿ ibn Ḥazm said that Muḥammad was known by the epithet “al-Amīn.”

I say: He died at the end of Ṣafar in 273 AH, at the age of sixty-four ﵀.

60 – Al-Munḏir ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam, Abū al-Ḥakam al-Marwānī*

The ruler of al-Andalus. He succeeded his father, and his reign lasted two years. He died while besieging ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣūn (2), the leader of the Khārijites.