- Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Umayyad, of the Marwanid branch – ruler of al-Andalus, Abū ʿAbd Allāh, an Umayyad of the Marwanid line.
He was devoted to knowledge, gave precedence to the hadith scholars, honoured them, and was of laudable conduct. It was he who supported the ḥadith master Baqī ibn Makhlad against the proponents of opinion.
Baqī said, “I never spoke with any king more perfect in intellect or more eloquent of speech than Emir Muḥammad. I once entered his audience hall; he began by praising Allah and invoking blessings upon His Prophet, then mentioned each of the caliphs, adorning every one of them with his rightful qualities and recounting his virtues in the most articulate language. When he reached himself, he praised Allah for what He had decreed and then fell silent.”
I add: When the proponents of opinion (1) challenged Baqī ibn Makhlad (2), the emir examined the Musannaf of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shaybah, ordered it to be copied, and said, “Our library cannot dispense with this.”
(*) Al-‘Iqd al-Farid 4/493; Jadhwat al-Muqtabis 11; al-Kamil by Ibn al-Athir 6/201; al-Maghrib 1/52; al-Hilla al-Sira 64; al-Bayan al-Maghrib 2/96; al-Wafi bi-l-Wafayat 3/224; Ibn Khaldun 4/130; Akhbar Majmuʿa 141; Nafh al-Tib 1/350.
(1) In his Musannaf (hadith compendium) Ibn Abi Shaybah devoted an entire section to the reports which, in his view, the Ahl al-Raʾy (the proponents of juristic reasoning) had opposed. The hadith scholar Shaykh Zahid al-Kawthari refuted this claim in his study al-Nukat al-Tarifah; see that work. Ibn Hazm relates that when Baqi ibn Makhlad al-Andalusi brought Ibn Abi Shaybah’s Musannaf to al-Andalus and it was read publicly, a number of jurists who followed the Ahl al-Raʾy objected to the divergences it contained, found them repugnant, and incited some commoners to prevent its recitation. The ruler Muhammad summoned Baqi and his opponents, leafed through the Musannaf volume by volume until he reached the end, then said to his librarian: “Our library cannot dispense with this book; arrange for a copy to be made for us.” He told Baqi: “Disseminate your knowledge and transmit what you have,” and forbade anyone to hinder him. Sources: Nafh al-Tib 2/519; Jadhwat al-Muqtabis 10; al-Maghrib 1/52.
(2) The reference is to the imam, Shaykh al-Islam Abu ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Qurtubi, author of the great Musnad in which he narrated from roughly 1,300 transmitters, arranging the hadiths of each transmitter according to the chapters of fiqh. His work therefore combines the features of a Musnad (arranged by companion) and a Musannaf (arranged by legal topic). He was a trustworthy, precise, and highly skilled scholar who exercised independent reasoning and did not slavishly imitate any school, issuing legal opinions strictly on the basis of the transmitted evidence. Source: Tadhkirat al-Huffaz 2/629–630.