ibn al-Khattab. After seven years in which he had held out in Toledo, his authority waxed great and his days were prolonged. He lived sixty years and died in 172 AH, whereupon the Abbasids despaired of ever bringing al-Andalus under their sway because of the vast distance between the two realms.
56 – Hisham ibn ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Muʿawiyah al-Marwani,
Prince Abū al-Walid al-Marwani.
He received the oath of allegiance as ruler of al-Andalus at his father’s death in 172 AH, being then thirty years old, for he had been born in al-Andalus. A devout and God-fearing man, he attended funerals, visited the sick, governed his subjects with justice, gave generously in charity, and saw to the needs of the poor. His mother was an umm walad (a concubine who had borne him) named Ḥawrāʾ. When his final hour approached he entrusted the realm to his son al-Ḥakam. He died in Ṣafar 180 AH, aged thirty-seven.
57 – We shall now mention the remaining Marwanids in a single sequence:
al-Ḥakam ibn Hisham, son of al-Dākhil ʿAbd al-Rahman the Umayyad, son of Muʿawiyah ibn Hisham ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Ḥakam al-Umayyad al-Marwani—Abū al-ʿĀṣ, emir of al-Andalus, the son of its emir and the grandson of its emir.
He was surnamed al-Murtaḍā and was popularly called al-Rabaḍī because of what he did to the people of