Allah’s prior knowledge contingent upon a supplication that is answered—just as the swift curtailment of life may occur through causes He has set in place, such as oppression and wrongdoing. Indeed, “Nothing averts destiny except supplication (1),” while the original Record never changes.
Muhammad ibn Ghalib Tamtam said, “I heard Yahya ibn Ma‘in say: ‘Abu ‘Awanah used to read but did not write.’
Abbas al-Duri narrated from Yahya: “Abu ‘Awanah was illiterate; he would ask someone else to write for him.”
Hajjaj al-A‘war reported: Shu‘bah said to me, “Stay close to Abu ‘Awanah.”
Ja‘far ibn Abi ‘Uthman related: Yahya ibn Ma‘in was asked, “Who among the people of Basrah is the counterpart of Zaydah in Kufah?” He replied, “Abu ‘Awanah.” He then added, “And Zuhayr is the counterpart of Wuhaib.”
‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi said, “Abu ‘Awanah and Hisham al-Dastuwa’i are like Sa‘id ibn…"
Al-Bukhari also reports this narration in his Sahih, coupled with another chain; the isnad can therefore be judged at least Hasan. Moreover, in his Siyar (3/267) the author cites, under the biography of Anas, another route conveying the same meaning. Its wording runs: “Husayn b. Waqid, from Thabit, from Anas: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed for me, saying, ‘O Allah, multiply his wealth and children and prolong his life.’ Allah did indeed enlarge my property—one of my vineyards produces twice a year—and there have been one hundred and six children born from my loins.
(1) Reported by Ahmad 5/277, 280, 282; Ibn Majah (4022); al-Tahawi, Sharh mushkil al-athar 4/169; Ibn Hibban (1090); and al-Hakim 1/493, from the companion Thawban. The Prophet ﷺ said: “Nothing increases life-span but filial piety (birr); nothing repels destiny but supplication; and a person may be deprived of provision because of a sin he commits.” The chain contains an unknown or interrupted link, yet the clauses “nothing repels destiny but supplication” and “nothing increases life-span but filial piety” are corroborated by the hadith of Salman, recorded by al-Tirmidhi (2140) and al-Tahawi 4/169; its chain includes Abu Mudawwad Faddah, who is somewhat weak. With this supporting report, the hadith rises to the rank of Hasan.
Al-Tahawi explains: it is possible that, when Allah wills to create a soul, He writes in its record a life-span of such-and-such if it performs filial piety, and a shorter span if it does not; likewise, if it is to make supplication, a given decree is lifted, but if not, the decree comes to pass. All of this is already inscribed in the celestial tablet, from which nothing is added or taken away.