of Basrah, saying, “Present yourselves early to Yazid ibn ‘Ata, for he has emancipated Abu ‘Awanah.”
So they gathered around Yazid and congratulated him; out of pride he was unwilling to deny it, and thus he set him free in truth.
Abu ‘Umar al-Darrir narrated from Abu ‘Awanah:
“I went in to visit Hammam ibn Yahya while he was ill. He said to me, ‘O Abu ‘Awanah, pray to Allah that He not make me die until my little children have grown up.’
“I replied, ‘The appointed term has already been concluded.’ (1)
“He retorted, ‘You are still in your error!’
“I said, ‘That is an ugly remark. Indeed, everything is subject to a prior decree; yet even though the term of life has been finalized, praying for a lengthy stay in this world is still valid. The Messenger ﷺ prayed for his servant Anas to enjoy a long life (2), and Allah effaces whatever He wills and confirms.’
Thus, length of life may be in
(1) This statement is undoubtedly incorrect. What is decreed is decreed together with its causes, and supplication (duʿa) is one of those causes. The decree, therefore, was not issued independently of its cause; the cause itself was included in the decree. Whenever a person brings about the cause, the decreed outcome occurs, and whenever he neglects the cause, the outcome is withheld. In the same manner, satiety and the quenching of thirst are decreed to result from eating and drinking, offspring from marital intercourse, crops from sowing seed, and the exit of an animal’s soul from slaughtering. Supplication is one of the strongest causes: when the thing requested has been decreed to occur through duʿa, it is wrong to claim that the appointed term is already fixed and that prayer is therefore useless—just as it would be wrong to claim that eating, drinking, or any other human action is pointless. No cause is more beneficial or more effective in attaining one’s goal than duʿa.
(2) Al-Bukhari, Ṣaḥīḥ, “Book of Supplications,” chapter “Supplicating for Numerous Children Together with Blessing,” 11/155 (Fatḥ al-Bārī), through the isnād of Shuʿbah from Qatādah, who heard Anas say: “Umm Sulaym said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, your servant Anas—pray to Allah for him.’ He replied: ‘O Allah, increase his wealth and his children and bless him in what You have given him.’” – Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ, no. 660 (“Permissibility of Voluntary Prayer in Congregation …”) and no. 2480 (“Virtues of Anas”); al-Tirmidhī, Sunan, nos. 3827–3828 (section on Merits).
Muslim adds at the end of the report: Anas said, “By Allah, my wealth is abundant, and today my descendants number nearly one hundred.”
Al-Bukhārī, al-Adab al-Mufrad, no. 653, through ʿĀrim – Saʿīd b. Zayd – Sinān – Anas: “The Prophet ﷺ used to visit us, the people of the house. One day he came in and prayed for us. Umm Sulaym said, ‘Your little servant—will you not pray for him?’ He said, ‘O Allah, increase his wealth and his children, prolong his life, and forgive him.’ He thus prayed for him with three (blessings). I (Anas) have buried one hundred and three of my offspring, my date-palm yields fruit twice a year, my life has become so long that I feel embarrassed before people, and I still hope for forgiveness.”
All the transmitters are reliable except Sinān b. Rabīʿah; Ibn ʿAdī said: “He has only a few ḥadiths, and I hope there is no harm in him.”