Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (سيرة 1/378)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

and the Christians as allies; they are allies of one another,’ up to His words, ‘Then you see those in whose hearts is sickness rushing toward them, saying, “We fear that a calamity may befall us,”’ and further to His words, ‘Your only guardian is Allah, His Messenger, and those who believe’ (al-Māʾidah 5:51-55). The passage was revealed because ʿUbādah chose Allah and His Messenger as his allies.

Al-Waqidī reports that the Prophet ﷺ laid siege to them for fifteen nights, until the crescent of Dhu’l-Qaʿdah appeared. They were the first among the Jews to break their covenant. They fought on until Allah cast dread into their hearts; they submitted to his judgment and ceded their property to him. The Prophet ﷺ ordered that they be bound and put al-Mundhir ibn Qudāmah al-Sulamī of Banū Salm in charge of them. ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy pressed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on their behalf until he said, “Very well, they are yours.” He then commanded that they be expelled from Medina, entrusting their deportation to ʿUbādah ibn al-Ṣāmit. They headed for Adhraʿāt and remained there only briefly. Muḥammad ibn Maslamah was placed over the seizure of their assets; a fifth was set aside, and the Prophet ﷺ retained from their weapons three swords, two coats of mail, and other items.

The Expedition against Banū al-Naḍīr

Maʿmar related from al-Zuhri, from ʿUrwah: The campaign against Banū al-Naḍīr—a faction of the Jews—took place six months after Badr. Their dwellings and palm-groves lay on the outskirts of Medina. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ besieged them until they agreed to exile on the condition that they could take with them whatever their camels could carry, apart from weapons. Then Allah revealed: ‘He is the One who expelled those of the People of the Book who disbelieved from their homes at the first exile…’ (al-Hashr 59:2) and the following verses.

He banished them to Syria. They belonged to a lineage that had never before experienced expulsion, yet Allah had decreed exile for them; had it not been so, He would have punished them in this world with slaughter and captivity.

وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ يُسَارِعُونَ فِيهِمْ يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَنْ تُصِيبَنَا دَائِرَةٌ﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ [المائدة: ٥١-٥٥] ، وذلك لتولي عبادةُ اللهَ ورسولهَ. وذكر الواقدي: أن النبي ﷺ حاصرهم خمس عشرة ليلة، إلى هلال ذي القعدة. وكانوا أول من غدر من اليهود، وحاربوا حتى قذف الله في قلوبهم الرعب، ونزلوا على حكمه، وأن له أموالهم. فأمر ﷺ بهم فكتفوا، واستعمل على كتافهم المنذر بن قدامة السلمي، من بني السلم، فكلم عبد الله بن أبي فيهم رسول الله ﷺ، وألح عليه فقال: "خذهم". وأمر بهم أن يجلوا من المدينة، وولي إخراجهم منها عبادة بن الصامت، فلحقوا بأذرعات، فما كان أقل من بقائهم فيها. وتولى قبض أموالهم محمد بن مسلمة، ثم خمست، وأخذ النبي ﷺ من سلاحهم ثلاثة أسياف، ودرعين، وغير ذلك. غزوة بني النضير: قال معمر، عن الزهري، عن عروة: كانت غزوة بني النضير، وهم طائفة من اليهود، على رأس ستة أشهر من وقعة بدر وكانت منازلهم ونخلهم بناحية المدينة، فحاصرهم رسول الله ﷺ حتى نزلوا على الجلاء، وعلى أن لهم ما أقلت الإبل إلا السلاح، فأنزلت: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ﴾ [الحشر: ٢] الآيات. فأجلاهم إلى الشام، وكانوا من سبط لم يصبهم جلاء وكان الله قد كتب عليهم الجلاء، ولولا ذلك لعذبهم في الدنيا بالقتل والسبي.