Al-Dhahabi’s conception of history is inseparably bound to the Prophetic hadith and its ancillary sciences; this is plain from the biographical dictionaries that he himself designates as “history.”
It has become evident that the chief purpose of his concern with the men of transmission was, before all else, to regulate the narrators (1). This appears in the prefaces to most of his works in the discipline, and it was the prevailing outlook among hadith-scholars-cum-historians, especially in that age (2).
Upon the science of rijal—and upon al-Dhahabi’s achievements within it—his wide-ranging fame as a historian was built, as we have seen.
In this field he produced an imposing corpus, beginning with abridgements of the foundational works composed before him, such as the local histories: Taʾrikh Baghdad by al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, d. 463 AH, together with its sequels by Ibn al-Samʿani, d. 562 AH, Ibn al-Dibithi, d. 637 AH, and Ibn al-Najjar, d. 643 AH.
To these may be added Taʾrikh Dimashq by Ibn ʿAsakir, d. 571 AH; Taʾrikh Misr by Ibn Yunus, d. 347 AH; Taʾrikh Naysabur by Abu ʿAbd Allah al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, d. 405 AH; and Taʾrikh Khwarazm by Ibn Arslan al-Khwarazmi, d. 568 AH.
Among the obituary works is al-Takmila li-Wafayat