On the spoils of Badr and the prisoners:

Khalid al-Ṭaḥḥān narrated—from Dāwūd, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās—that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the Day of Badr, “Whoever does such-and-such shall receive such-and-such of the discretionary spoils (nafl).” The young men therefore pressed forward, while the elders stayed with the banners. When Allah granted them victory, the elders said, “We served as your support; had you been routed you would have fallen back on us. Do not leave with all the booty and leave us with nothing.” But the youths refused, saying, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ assigned it to us.”

Allah Most High then revealed: “They ask you about the spoils of war… and a party of the believers were reluctant” (Qurʾān 8:1–5). Ibn ʿAbbās commented, “That proved better for them. Likewise, obey me, for I know the outcome of this matter better than you.” Abu Dāwūd recorded this report.

He (Abu Dāwūd) also transmitted it through another route from Dāwūd and added: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided the spoils equally.”

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī al-Zinād related—from his father, from ʿUbayd Allah ibn ʿAbd Allah, from Ibn ʿAbbās—that the Prophet ﷺ took the sword Dhū al-Fiqār as an extra share for himself on the Day of Badr.

ʿUmar ibn Yūnus said: ʿIkrimah ibn ʿAmmār told me; Abu Zumayl told me; Ibn ʿAbbās told me; ʿUmar recounted, “When the Day of Badr arrived…” and he mentioned the story.

Ibn ʿAbbās added: When the prisoners were taken, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, “What do you think should be done with these men?” Abu Bakr replied, “They are our brothers and our kin; in my view we should take from them…” (the report continues).