Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He narrated from: Abu al-Tufayl ʿAmir ibn Wathilah, Abu Waʾil, Tawus, Mujahid, Abu al-Duḥa, his own father, and a number of others.

Narrations were transmitted from him by: the two Sufyans, Abu Usamah, Yahya ibn Adam, ʿUbayd Allah ibn Musa, Bakr ibn Bakkar, al-Firyani, Qabisah, Yahya ibn Saʿid al-Qattan, and many others.

Ahmad ibn Hanbal declared him reliable, and once said, “In the view of Yahya ibn Saʿid he was trustworthy, but he was an extreme khashabi (1).”

Ahmad al-ʿIjli said, “Reliable, his hadith are good; he had a slight tendency toward tashayyuʿ (Shiʿi leanings).”

Ibn Saʿd said, “Trustworthy—God willing—though some consider him weak. He reached an advanced age and met many scholars, but he would not allow anyone to write in his presence.”

Abu Bakr ibn ʿAyyash stated, “I stopped narrating from Fitr only because of the unsoundness of his doctrine.”

ʿAbd Allah ibn Ahmad reported: I asked my father about Fitr, and he replied, “Trustworthy, sound in hadith; his reports are those of an intelligent man, except that he inclines toward tashayyuʿ.”

Ahmad ibn Yunus said, “I purposely abandoned him; he was Shiʿi. I used to pass by him at the Kunasah among the grain merchants—he was lame—and I would walk on, leaving him as one leaves a dog.”

Al-ʿUqayli said: Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil narrated to us; al-Hasan ibn ʿAli narrated to us; he said: “I was informed by Jarir that al-Aʿmash, Mansur, and Mughirah used to drink, and when the drink affected their heads they would mock Fitr ibn Khalifah.”

(1) In Ibn al-Athir’s al-Nihaya it is stated that al-khashabiyya were the followers of al-Mukhtar b. Abi Ubayd, and that the name is also applied to a faction of the Shiʿa. In al-Dhahabi’s al-Mushtabih the author explains that al-khashabi was the term the early scholars used for a rafidi (vol. 1, p. 217). Thus, the Khashabiyya were a subgroup of the Rafida who once fought with wooden clubs, from which their appellation derives.
حَدَّثَ عَنْ: أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ عَامِرِ بنِ وَاثِلَةَ، وَأَبِي وَائِلٍ، وَطَاوُوْسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَأَبِي الضُّحَى، وَوَالِدِه، وَطَائِفَةٍ. حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: السُّفْيَانَانِ، وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ، وَيَحْيَى بنُ آدَمَ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللهِ بنُ مُوْسَى، وَبَكْرُ بنُ بَكَّارٍ، وَالفِرْيَانِيُّ، وَقَبِيْصَةُ، وَيَحْيَى بنُ سَعِيْدٍ القَطَّانُ، وَعِدَّةٌ. وَثَّقَهُ: أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: كَانَ فِطْرٌ عِنْدَ يَحْيَى بنِ سَعِيْدٍ ثِقَةً، لَكِنَّهُ خَشَبِيٌّ مُفرِطٌ (١) . وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ العِجْلِيُّ: ثِقَةٌ، حَسَنُ الحَدِيْثِ، فِيْهِ تَشَيُّعٌ يَسِيْرٌ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: ثِقَةٌ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ - مِنْهُم مَنْ يَسْتَضعِفُه، لَهُ سِنٌّ وَلِقَاءٌ، وَكَانَ لاَ يَدَعُ أَحَداً يَكْتُبُ عِنْدَهُ. وَعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بنِ عَيَّاشٍ، قَالَ: مَا تَرَكتُ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ فِطْرٍ، إِلاَّ بِسُوءِ مَذْهَبِه. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ أَحْمَدَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبِي عَنْ فِطْرٍ، فَقَالَ: ثِقَةٌ، صَالِحُ الحَدِيْثِ، حَدِيْثُه حَدِيْثُ رَجُلٍ كَيِّسٍ، إِلاَ أَنَّهُ يَتَشَيَّعُ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ يُوْنُسَ: تَرَكتُهُ عَمداً، وَكَانَ يَتَشَيَّعُ، وَكُنْتُ أَمُرُّ بِهِ بِالكُنَاسَةِ فِي أَصْحَابِ الطَّعَامِ، وَكَانَ أَعْرَجَ، فَأَمُرُّ وَأَدَعُهُ مِثْلَ الكَلْبِ. العُقَيْلِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: حُدِّثْتُ عَنْ جَرِيْرٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ الأَعْمَشُ، وَمَنْصُوْرٌ، وَمُغِيْرَةُ يَشْرَبُوْنَ، فَإِذَا أَخَذُوا فِي رُؤُوْسِهِم، سَخِرُوا بِفِطْرِ بنِ خَلِيْفَةَ.
(١) في " النهاية " لابن الأثير: الخشبية: هم أصحاب المختار بن أبي عبيد، ويقال لضرب من الشيعة: الخشبية. وفي " المشتبه " للذهبي المؤلف: الخشبي: هو الرافضي في عرف السلف، ١ / ٢١٧، فالخشبية صنف من الرافضة، قاتلوا مرة بالخشب فعرفوا بذلك.

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