Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

the time of al-Hasan al-Basri.

Abu ʿUbaydah said, “He was the most knowledgeable of all people with respect to the variant readings, the Arabic language, poetry, and the historical exploits of the Arabs. His notebooks once filled a room up to the ceiling, but after he turned to asceticism he burned them.”

He was counted among the Arab nobility; al-Farazdaq and others composed eulogies for him.

Yahya ibn Maʿin said, “He is reliable.”

Abu Hatim said, “There is no problem with him.”

Abu ʿAmr al-Shaybani said, “I have never seen anyone like Abu ʿAmr.”

Abu al-ʿAynaʾ relates, on the authority of al-Asmaʿi: Abu ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAlaʾ once told me, “If it were possible for me to pour everything that is in my chest of knowledge into yours, I would do so. I have memorised concerning Qurʾanic sciences such things that, were I to write them down, al-Aʿmash would be unable to carry them. And were it not that I am permitted to recite only what has already been recited, I would recite the reading of such-and-such…”—and he mentioned specific modes of recitation. (1)

Naṣr ibn ʿAlī al-Jahḍamī reported, through his father, from Shuʿbah: “Observe whatever Abu ʿAmr selects for his recitation and write it down, for he will one day become the people’s master.”

Ibrahim al-Harbi and others said, “Abu ʿAmr was among the people of the Sunnah.”

Al-Yazidi and another authority said, “ʿAmr ibn ʿUbayd spent a whole year preaching on the divine threat. Abu ʿAmr remarked to him, ‘Your grasp is indeed tongue-tied, for you have treated the warning attached to what is gravest as though it were the same for what is slightest…’”

(1) This is one of the clearest proofs that Quranic recitation is an established sunnah from which a Muslim may not deviate once it is authenticated from the Messenger of Allah. It is further confirmed by the sound hadith, “The Quran was revealed upon seven ahruf (modes),” meaning that the variant readings are part of Allah’s revelation and that human beings have no role beyond receiving and reciting them exactly as they were sent down. Note also that the well-known seven—or even ten—canonical readings are not what the hadith is referring to. See Makki ibn Abi Talib al-Qaysi, Al-Ibana ‘an Ma‘ani al-Qiraat.
أَيَّامِ الحَسَنِ البَصْرِيِّ. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: كَانَ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِالقِرَاءاتِ، وَالعَرَبِيَّةِ، وَالشِّعرِ، وَأَيَّامِ العَرَبِ، وَكَانَتْ دَفَاتِرُه مِلْءَ بَيْتٍ إِلَى السَّقفِ، ثُمَّ تَنَسَّكَ، فَأَحرَقَهَا. وَكَانَ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ العَرَبِ، مَدَحَه الفَرَزْدَقُ وَغَيْرُه. قَالَ يَحْيَى بنُ مَعِيْنٍ: ثِقَةٌ. وَقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ: لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيُّ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ أَبِي عَمْرٍو. رَوَى: أَبُو العَيْنَاءِ، عَنِ الأَصْمَعِيِّ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَمْرٍو بنُ العَلاَءِ: لَوْ تَهَيَّأَ أَنْ أُفْرِغَ مَا فِي صَدْرِي مِنَ العِلْمِ فِي صَدْرِكَ، لَفَعلْتُ، وَلَقَدْ حَفِظتُ فِي عِلْمِ القُرْآنِ أَشْيَاءَ، لَوْ كَتَبتُ، مَا قَدَرَ الأَعْمَشُ عَلَى حَمْلِهَا، وَلَوْلاَ أَنْ لَيْسَ لِي أَنْ أَقرَأَ إِلاَّ بِمَا قُرِئَ، لَقَرَأْتُ حَرْفَ كَذَا ... ، وَذَكَرَ حُرُوْفاً (١) . قَالَ نَصْرُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ الجَهْضَمِيُّ: عَنْ أَبِيْهِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ: انْظُرْ مَا يَقْرَأُ بِهِ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مِمَّا يَختَارُه، فَاكتُبْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ سَيَصِيْرُ لِلنَّاسِ أُسْتَاذاً. قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيْمُ الحَرْبِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ: كَانَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مِنْ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ. قَالَ اليَزِيْدِيُّ، وَآخَرُ: تَكَلَّمَ عَمْرُو بنُ عُبَيْدٍ فِي الوَعِيْدِ سَنَةً، فَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو: إِنَّكَ لأَلْكَنُ الفَهمِ، إِذْ صَيَّرتَ الوَعِيْدَ الَّذِي فِي أَعْظَمِ شَيْءٍ، مِثْلَهُ فِي أَصْغَرِ
(١) وهذا من الأدلة الواضحة، على أن القراءة سنة متبعة لا يسع المسلم الخروج عليها، إذا ثبتت عن رسول الله ﷺ، ومما يؤيد هذا الحديث الصحيح " أنزل القرآن على سبعة أحرف " أي أن القراءات المختلفة هي مما أنزل الله، وليس للبشر إلا التلقي والقراءة بها كما أنزلت. وليكن معلوما أن القراءات السبع المشهورة، أو العشر، ليست هي المقصودة بالحديث المذكور. " انظر الابانة عن معاني القراءات " لمكي بن أبي طالب القيسي.

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