Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

and a parchment so that he might record a ḥadith on it. Al-Aʿmash therefore wrote on the sheet: “Bismi Allāh al-Raḥmān al-Raḥīm (In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful). Say: He is Allah, One,” then sent it back to him.

The man returned a message: “You son of an immoral woman! Did you think I do not know how to write the Book of Allah?”

Al-Aʿmash replied: “Did you imagine that I traffic in ḥadith?”

ʿĪsā ibn Yūnus said: “Guests once visited al-Aʿmash. He brought out two loaves, and they ate them. He then went inside, produced half a bundle of clover, set it on the tray, and said, ‘You have eaten the provision of my household; this is the provision of my sheep—so eat it.’

“We went out for a funeral, and a man was leading him. When we were returning, the man steered him away; when they reached the open ground he said, ‘Do you know where you are? You are in the cemetery of such-and-such, and I will not take you back until you fill my tablets with ḥadith.’

“Al-Aʿmash said, ‘Write.’ When the tablets were filled, the man returned him. When he entered Kūfah he handed the tablets to someone else. As soon as al-Aʿmash reached his door he grabbed him, saying, ‘Take the tablets away from that reprobate!’ The man replied, ‘Abū Muḥammad, it is already too late.’ When al-Aʿmash lost hope, he said, ‘Everything I narrated to you is false.’ The man answered, ‘You fear Allah too much to lie.’”

ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs said: “I asked al-Aʿmash, ‘Abū Muḥammad, why do you not have your hair cut?’ He said, ‘Because barbers are excessively inquisitive.’ I said, ‘Then I will bring you a barber who will not speak to you…’

That being the case, we have transmitted that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “Bilal gives the adhan (call to prayer) while it is still night; so eat and drink until Ibn Umm Maktum makes the call.” He also said: “Do not let Bilal’s adhan stop any of you from taking your sahur (pre-dawn meal), for he calls only so that the sleeper may awaken and the one who is praying may conclude.” He then described the true dawn as we have already related. This shows that it is that true dawn which puts an end to eating and drinking and to everything else from which the fasting person must abstain. The reports we have just cited, therefore, differ from the hadith of Hudhayfa. In our estimation—God knows best—the hadith of Hudhayfa may date from before the revelation of the verse: “Eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread; then complete the fast until nightfall” (Q 2:187). He then added—after further discussion—: “It is not permissible to abandon an explicit verse of God’s Book, nor the hadiths of the Messenger of God that the Muslim community has accepted and applied from his own time until now, for the sake of a single hadith that may have been abrogated by the evidence we have presented in this chapter.”
وَصَحِيْفَةٍ، لِيَكتُبَ فِيْهَا حَدِيْثاً. فَكَتَبَ فِيْهَا: بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيْمِ، وَقُلْ هُوَ اللهُ أَحَدٌ، وَوَجَّهَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ: يَا ابْنَ الفَاعِلَةِ! ظَنَنْتَ أَنِّي لاَ أُحْسِنُ كِتَابَ اللهِ؟ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ: أَظَنَنتَ أَنِّي أَبِيْعُ الحَدِيْثَ؟ قَالَ عِيْسَى بنُ يُوْنُسَ: أَتَى الأَعْمَشَ أَضْيَافٌ، فَأَخرَجَ إِلَيْهِم رَغِيْفَيْنِ، فَأَكَلُوْهُمَا. فَدَخَلَ، فَأَخرَجَ لَهُم نِصْفَ حَبلِ قَتٍّ، فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى الخِوَانِ، وَقَالَ: أَكَلتُم قُوتَ عِيَالِي، فَهَذَا قُوتُ شَاتِي، فَكُلُوْهُ. وَخَرَجنَا فِي جِنَازَةٍ، وَرَجُل يَقُودُه، فَلَمَّا رَجَعنَا، عَدَلَ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْحَرَ، قَالَ: أَتَدْرِي أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟ أَنْتَ فِي جَبَّانَةِ كَذَا، وَلاَ أَرُدُّكَ حَتَّى تَملأَ أَلوَاحِي حَدِيْثاً. قَالَ: اكْتُبْ. فَلَمَّا مَلأَ الأَلوَاحَ، رَدَّهُ. فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الكُوْفَةَ، دَفعَ أَلوَاحَه لإِنْسَانٍ، فَلَمَّا أَنِ انْتَهَى الأَعْمَشُ إِلَى بَابِه، تَعَلَّق بِهِ، وَقَالَ: خُذُوا الأَلوَاحَ مِنَ الفَاسِقِ. فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ! قَدْ فَاتَ. فَلَمَّا أَيِسَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ: كُلُّ مَا حَدَّثْتُك بِهِ كَذِبٌ. قَالَ: أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِاللهِ مِنْ أَنْ تَكذِبَ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ إِدْرِيْسَ: قُلْتُ لِلأَعْمَشِ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ! مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنْ أَخْذِ شَعرِكَ؟ قَالَ: كَثْرَةُ فُضُولِ الحَجَّامِيْنَ. قُلْتُ: فَأَنَا أَجِيئُكَ بِحَجَّامٍ لاَ يُكَلِّمُكَ
= ذلك. فقد روينا أنه ﷺ، قال: " إن بلالا يؤذن بليل، فلكوا واشربوا حتى ينادي ابن أم مكتوم " وأنه قال: " لا يمنعن أحدكم أذان بلال من سحوره فإنه إنما يؤذن لينتبه نائمكم، وليرجع قائمكم " ثم وصف الفجر بما قد وصفه به. فدل ذلك على أنه هو المانع للطعام والشراب وما سوى ذلك مما يمنع منه الصائم. فهذه الآثار التي ذكرنا مخالفة لحديث حذيفة. وقد يحتمل حديث حذيفة عندنا - والله أعلم - أن يكون قبل نزول قوله تعالى: (وكلوا واشربوا حتى يتبين لكم الخيط الابيض من الخيط الأسود من الفجر، ثم أتموا الصيام إلى الليل) . ثم قال - بعد كلام -: فلا يجب ترك آية من كتاب الله تعالى نصا، وأحاديث رسول الله قد قبلتها الأمة، وعملت بها من لدن رسول الله، ﷺ، إلى حديث قد يجوز أن يكون منسوخا بما ذكرناه في هذا الباب ".

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