Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (5/374)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He transmitted ḥadith from Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib, Abū Burdah, al-Shaʿbī, Mūsā ibn Ṭalḥah, and ʿUrwah ibn al-Zubayr.

Narrators on his authority include his son ʿAbd Allāh, Shuʿbah, al-Thawrī, Zāʾidah, Hushaym, and others.

He fled to Wāsiṭ from the ʿAbbāsids and was killed there along with the governor Ibn Hubayrah.

ʿAmr ibn Dīnār—despite being senior to him—also related from him.

Aḥmad and Ibn Maʿīn declared him reliable.

He was, however, a Murjiʾī and would revile ʿAlī (may Allah be pleased with him).

He was killed late in 132 AH. He was a marvel of his age: a Kufan yet a Nāṣib, and it is rare to find a man of Kūfah who is not inclined to Shiʿism.

In the first generation after the battle of Ṣiffīn people fell into three groups:

Ahl al-Sunnah: the scholars who loved all the Companions and refrained from probing what had occurred among them—such as Saʿd, Ibn ʿUmar, Muḥammad ibn Maslamah, and many others.
The Shiʿah: loyal to ʿAlī, disparaging those who fought him, and saying, “They are Muslim rebels who acted unjustly.”
The Nāṣibīs: those who fought ʿAlī at Ṣiffīn; they acknowledged his Islam and precedence but said he had failed to support the caliph ʿUthmān.

I am unaware of any Shiʿī of that era who declared Muʿāwiyah and his party unbelievers, nor of any Nāṣibī who declared ʿAlī and his party unbelievers. The matter went no farther than cursing and mutual hatred. Yet today the Shiʿah of our age pronounce takfīr upon the Companions and repudiate them in ignorance and aggression, even extending their hostility to al-Ṣiddīq—may Allah fight them.

As for Nāṣibīs in our time, they are few indeed, and I know of none who excommunicates ʿAlī or any Companion.

170 – Yazīd ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān al-Umawī
The Caliph, Abū Khālid, the Qurashī, the Umayyad, of Damascus,

(*) Khalifa ibn Khayyat, Tarikh, p. 368; al-Yaqubi, Tarikh, vol. 3, p. 74; al-Tabari, Annals, events for the year 126; Ibn al-Athir, Annals, events for the year 126; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya, vol. 10, p. 11; Ibn Khaldun, vol. 3, p. 106; Ibn Taghribirdi, al-Nujum al-zahira, vol. 1, p. 126; al-Husayni, Tarikh al-Khamis, vol. 2, pp. 321–322.

حَدَّثَ عَنْ: سَعِيْدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ، وَأَبِي بُرْدَةَ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَمُوْسَى بنِ طَلْحَةَ، وَعُرْوَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيْرِ. وَعَنْهُ: ابْنُهُ؛ عَبْدُ اللهِ، وَشُعْبَةُ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وَزَائِدَةُ، وَهُشَيْمٌ، وَآخَرُوْنَ. هَرَبَ إِلَى وَاسِطَ مِنْ بَنِي العَبَّاسِ، فَقُتِلَ بِهَا مَعَ الأَمِيْرِ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ: عَمْرُو بنُ دِيْنَارٍ - مَعَ تَقَدُّمِهِ -. وَثَّقَهُ: أَحْمَدُ، وَابْنُ مَعِيْنٍ. وَكَانَ مُرْجِئاً، يَنَالُ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁. قُتلَ: فِي أَوَاخِرِ سَنَةِ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ، وَهُوَ مِنْ عَجَائِبِ الزَّمَانِ، كُوْفِيٌّ، نَاصِبِيٌّ، وَيَندُرُ أَنْ تَجِدَ كُوفِيّاً إِلاَّ وَهُوَ يَتَشَيَّعُ. وَكَانَ النَّاسُ فِي الصَّدْرِ الأَوَّلِ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ صِفِّيْنَ عَلَى أَقسَامٍ: أَهْلُ سُنَّةٍ: وَهُم أُوْلُو العِلْمِ، وَهُم مُحِبُّوْنَ لِلصَّحَابَةِ، كَافُّوْنَ عَنِ الخَوضِ فِيْمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُم؛ كسَعْدٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَأُمَمٍ. ثُمَّ شِيْعَةٌ: يَتَوَالَوْنَ، وَيَنَالُوْنَ مِمَّنْ حَارَبُوا عَلِيّاً، وَيَقُوْلُوْنَ: إِنَّهُم مُسْلِمُوْنَ بُغَاةٌ ظَلَمَةٌ. ثُمَّ نَوَاصِبُ: وَهُمُ الَّذِيْنَ حَارَبُوا عَلِيّاً يَوْمَ صِفِّيْنَ، وَيُقِرُّوْنَ بِإِسْلاَمِ عَلِيٍّ وَسَابِقِيْه، وَيَقُوْلُوْنَ: خَذَلَ الخَلِيْفَةَ عُثْمَانَ. فَمَا عَلِمتُ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ شِيْعِيّاً كَفَّرَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَحِزْبَهُ، وَلاَ نَاصِبِيّاً كَفَّرَ عَلِيّاً وَحِزْبَهُ، بَلْ دَخَلُوا فِي سَبٍّ وَبُغْضٍ، ثُمَّ صَارَ اليَوْمَ شِيْعَةُ زَمَانِنَا يُكَفِّرُوْنَ الصَّحَابَةَ، وَيَبْرَؤُوْنَ مِنْهُم جَهلاً وَعُدوَاناً، وَيَتَعَدُّوْنَ إِلَى الصِّدِّيْقِ - قَاتَلَهُمُ اللهُ -. وَأَمَّا نَوَاصِبُ وَقْتِنَا فَقَلِيْلٌ، وَمَا عَلِمتُ فِيْهِم مَنْ يُكفِّرُ عَلِيّاً وَلاَ صَحَابِيّاً. ١٧٠ - يَزِيْدُ بنُ الوَلِيْدِ * بنِ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَرْوَانَ الأُمَوِيُّ الخَلِيْفَةُ، أَبُو خَالِدٍ القُرَشِيُّ، الأُمَوِيُّ، الدِّمَشْقِيُّ،

(*) تاريخ خليفة: ٣٦٨، تاريخ اليعقوبي ٣ / ٧٤، الطبري حوادث سنة ١٢٦، ابن الأثير حوادث سنة ١٢٦، البداية ١٠ / ١١، ابن خلدون ٣ / ١٠٦، النجوم الزاهرة ١ / ١٢٦، تاريخ الخميس ٢ / ٣٢١، ٣٢٢.