Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Ibn Saʿd reported: “Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar informed us; Nāfiʿ ibn Abī Nuʿaym, Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn ʿUqbah, and Ibn Abī Farwah narrated to me, saying:

‘The notebook in which Nāfiʿ had written what he heard from Ibn ʿUmar was a single parchment sheet. We would read it back to him, and he would ask, “Abū ʿAbd Allāh, are you going to say, ‘Nāfiʿ has narrated to us’?”—and we would reply, “Yes.”’

Al-Aṣmaʿī transmits, through Nāfiʿ ibn Abī Nuʿaym, from Nāfiʿ, that someone once said to him, ‘They have committed your knowledge to writing.’ He exclaimed, ‘Written it down?!’ When told, ‘Yes,’ he said, ‘Then let them bring it so that I may correct it.’

ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād narrates—on the authority of his father—from Nāfiʿ that, when death approached him, he wept. He was asked, ‘What makes you weep?’ He answered, ‘I have remembered Saʿd (1) and the constriction of the grave.’

Ḥammād ibn Zayd and several others said that Nāfiʿ died in 117 AH. Al-Haytham ibn ʿAdī and Abū ʿUmar al-Ḍarīr diverged from this and held that he died in 120 AH.

Ismāʿīl ibn Umayyah said, ‘We used to correct Nāfiʿ’s laḥn (grammatical slips), but he would refuse and say, “No—only in the very wording I heard.”’

Scholars differ over Nāfiʿ’s ethnic origin: some say he was Berber; others, from Naysābūr; still others, Daylamite, Ṭālaqānī, or Kabuli. The most plausible view is that, broadly speaking, he was of Persian lineage.

Al-Nasāʾī said, ‘The most reliable of Nāfiʿ’s students are: Mālik, then Ayyūb, then ʿUbayd Allāh, then Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, then Ibn ʿAwn, then Ṣāliḥ ibn Kaysān, then Mūsā ibn ʿUqbah, then Ibn…’

(1) Saʿd ibn Muʿadh ibn al-Nuʿman al-Ansari al-Ashhali was the chief of the Aws tribe. He fought at Badr, Uhud, and the Battle of the Trench, where he was wounded by an arrow; he lived for about a month before the injury reopened and caused his death. He is the companion who ruled concerning the Jews of Qurayza that their men be executed, their goods divided, and their women and children taken captive— a judgment the Messenger of Allah ﷺ endorsed, saying, “You have passed the judgment of God,” as reported in the Sahih. The report about the grave’s constriction is authentic: Ahmad narrates it (6/55, 98) on the authority of Aisha, where the Prophet ﷺ says, “The grave has a squeeze; had anyone been spared it, Saʿd ibn Muʿadh would have been spared.” Ibn Saʿd likewise records it in al-Tabaqat on the authority of Ibn Umar.
ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعُ بنُ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيْلُ بنُ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ بنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، قَالُوا: كَانَ كِتَابُ نَافِعٍ الَّذِي سَمِعَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي صَحِيْفَةٍ، فَكُنَّا نَقْرَؤُهَا عَلَيْهِ، فَيَقُوْلُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ، أَتَقُوْلُ: حَدَّثَنَا نَافِعٌ؟ فَيَقُوْلُ: نَعَمْ. الأَصْمَعِيُّ: عَنْ نَافِعِ بنِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّهُ قِيْلَ لَهُ: قَدْ كَتَبُوا عِلْمَكَ. قَالَ: كَتَبُوا؟! قِيْلَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَلْيَأْتُوا بِهِ حَتَّى أُقَوِّمَهُ. عَبْدُ المَجِيْدِ بنُ عَبْدِ العَزِيْزِ بنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ: عَنْ أَبِيْهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا احْتُضِرَ، بَكَى، فَقِيْلَ: مَا يُبْكِيْكَ؟ قَالَ: ذَكَرْتُ سَعْداً (١) ، وَضَغْطَةَ القَبْرِ. قَالَ حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيْدٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ: تُوُفِّيَ نَافِعٌ سَنَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَمائَةٍ. وَشَذَّ: الهَيْثَمُ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَأَبُو عُمَرَ الضَّرِيْرُ، فَقَالاَ: مَاتَ سَنَةَ عِشْرِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ. قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيْلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ: كُنَّا نَرُدُّ نَافِعاً عَنِ اللَّحْنِ، فَيَأْبَى، وَيَقُوْلُ: لاَ، إِلاَّ الَّذِي سَمِعْتُهُ. وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي مَحْتَدِ نَافِعٍ عَلَى أَقْوَالٍ: فَقِيْلَ: هُوَ بَرْبَرِيٌّ. وَقِيْلَ: نَيْسَابُوْرِيٌّ. وَقِيْلَ: دَيْلَمِيٌّ. وَقِيْلَ: طَالَقَانِيٌّ. وَقِيْلَ: كَابُلِيٌّ. وَالأَرْجَحُ أَنَّهُ فَارِسِيُّ المَحْتَدِ فِي الجُمْلَةِ. قَالَ النَّسَائِيُّ: أَثْبَتُ أَصْحَابِ نَافِعٍ: مَالِكٌ، ثُمَّ أَيُّوْبُ، ثُمَّ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ، ثُمَّ يَحْيَى بنُ سَعِيْدٍ، ثُمَّ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، ثُمَّ صَالِحُ بنُ كَيْسَانَ، ثُمَّ مُوْسَى بنُ عُقْبَةَ، ثُمَّ ابْنُ
(١) هو سعد بن معاذ بن النعمان الأنصاري الاشهلي سيد الاوس، شهد بدرا وأحدا والخندق ورمي يوم الخندق بسهم فعاش شهرا، ثم انتقض جرحه فمات منه. وهو الذي حكم في يهود قريظة أن تقتل رجالهم، وتقسم أموالهم، وتسبى ذراريهم ورضي بحكمه رسول الله ﷺ وقال: لقد قضيت بحكم الله، كما في " الصحيح " وحديث ضغطة القبر صحيح أخرجه أحمد ٦ / ٥٥ و٩٨ من حديث عائشة ﵂ أن النبي ﷺ قال: " إن للقبر ضغطة لو كان أحد ناجيا منها، نجا سعد بن معاذ " وأخرجه ابن سعد في " الطبقات " من حديث ابن عمر.

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