Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

And ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī al-Zinād transmitted, on the authority of his father, who said:
“I have never seen anyone more versed in the Sunnah than al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad. In our view, a man was not even regarded as a man until he knew the Sunnah. Nor have I seen anyone quicker of mind than al-Qāsim; he would laugh at the people of dubious speculations the way a youth laughs.”

Khalid ibn Nizār reported from Ibn ʿUyaynah, who said:
“The most knowledgeable of people concerning ʿĀʾishah’s hadiths are three: al-Qāsim, ʿUrwah, and ʿAmrah.”

Jaʿfar ibn Abī ʿUthmān said: I heard Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn remark,
“ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿUmar—from al-Qāsim—from ʿĀʾishah: a chain interwoven with gold.”

Ibn ʿAwn said: “Al-Qāsim, Ibn Sīrīn, and Rajāʾ ibn Ḥaywah would narrate hadith word for word, whereas al-Ḥasan, Ibrāhīm, and al-Shaʿbī would convey them according to their meaning (1).”

Yūnus ibn Bukayr, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, related:
“I saw al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad while he was praying, and a Bedouin came up and asked, ‘Which of you is more learned, you or Sālim?’
He replied, ‘Exalted is Allah! Each of us will inform you of what he knows.’
The man insisted, ‘But which of you two is the more knowledgeable?’
He said, ‘Exalted is Allah!’
When he repeated the question, al-Qāsim said, ‘That is Sālim; go to him and ask,’ and he rose and left.

Ibn Isḥāq commented: ‘He disliked saying, “I am more knowledgeable,” for that would be self-commendation; nor did he wish to say, “Sālim is more knowledgeable than I,” for that would be a lie. Al-Qāsim was, in fact, the more learned of the two.’”

Ibn Wahb said: “Mālik mentioned al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad and said, ‘He was among the jurists of this—’

(1) The vast majority of scholars, both early authorities and later ones, agree that it is permissible to transmit a hadith by sense rather than word-for-word, on condition that the narrator is fully versed in the original expressions, their meanings and intents, is alert to anything that could distort them, and is aware of the degrees of difference between alternative phrasings. This has been the accepted practice, as is evident in the sound collections and other compilations, where one and the same incident is reported with several diverse formulations. Most of what the Companions and the Successors transmitted was therefore by meaning, except in matters whose wording is itself an act of worship—such as the tashahhud, the qunut, the ritual prayer, and the Prophet’s concise maxims—where they were careful to relay the exact prophetic wording. This debate, however, does not apply to works that have already been compiled—like the Six Canonical Books, the musnads, the ma‘jams, and similar texts. No one may change a single word in such books and substitute another that merely conveys the same sense, because the concession to narrate by meaning was granted only when narrators found it arduous to preserve every term precisely, and that difficulty no longer exists for material that has been fixed in written form.
وَرَوَى: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ، قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَداً أَعْلَمَ بِالسُّنَّةِ مِنَ القَاسِمِ بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُعَدُّ رَجُلاً حَتَّى يَعْرِفَ السُّنَّةَ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدَّ ذِهْناً مِنَ القَاسِمِ، إِنْ كَانَ لَيَضْحَكُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشُّبَهِ كَمَا يَضْحَكُ الفَتَى. وَرَوَى: خَالِدُ بنُ نِزَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، قَالَ: أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِحَدِيْثِ عَائِشَةَ ثَلاَثَةٌ: القَاسِمُ، وَعُرْوَةُ، وَعَمْرَةُ. وَقَالَ جَعْفَرُ بنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بنَ مَعِيْنٍ يَقُوْلُ: عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ القَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: تَرْجَمَةٌ مُشَبَّكَةٌ بِالذَّهَبِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ: كَانَ القَاسِمُ، وَابْنُ سِيْرِيْنَ، وَرَجَاءُ بنُ حَيْوَةَ يُحَدِّثُوْنَ بِالحَدِيْثِ عَلَى حُرُوْفِهِ، وَكَانَ الحَسَنُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيْمُ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ يُحَدِّثُوْنَ بِالمَعَانِي (١) . يُوْنُسُ بنُ بُكَيْرٍ: عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ القَاسِمَ بنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يُصَلِّي، فَجَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّمَا أَعْلَمُ، أَنْتَ أَمْ سَالِمٌ؟ فَقَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ، كُلٌّ سَيُخْبِرُكَ بِمَا عَلِمَ. فَقَالَ: أَيُّكُمَا أَعْلَمُ؟ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ! فَأَعَادَ، فَقَالَ: ذَاكَ سَالِمٌ، انْطَلِقْ، فَسَلْهُ، فَقَامَ عَنْهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: كَرِهَ أَنْ يَقُوْلَ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ، فَيَكُوْنُ تَزْكِيَةً، وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَقُوْلَ: سَالِمٌ أَعْلَمُ مِنِّي، فَيَكْذِبُ. وَكَانَ القَاسِمُ أَعْلَمَهُمَا. قَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ: ذَكَرَ مَالِكٌ القَاسِمَ بنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ هَذِهِ
(١) جمهور العلماء سلفا وخلفا على جواز رواية الحديث بالمعنى إذا كان الراوي عالما بالالفاظ ومدلولاتها ومقاصدها، خبيرا بما يحيل معانيها، بصيرا بمقادير التفاوت بينها، وعليه العمل كما هو مشاهد في الأحاديث الصحاح وغيرها، فإن الواقعة تكون واحدة، وتجئ الألفاظ متعددة من وجوه مختلفة متباينة. وأكثر مرويات الصحابة والتابعين بالمعنى إلا فيما يتعبد بلفظه كالتشهد والقنوت والصلاة وما هو من جوامع حكمه ﷺ، فإنهم كانوا يحرصون على روايته باللفظ النبوي. ثم إن هذا الخلاف لا يجري في الكتب المصنفة كالكتب الستة والمسانيد والمعاجم وغيرها، فليس لأحد أن يغير لفظ شيء من كتاب، ويثبت بدله فيه لفظا آخر بمعناه لان الرواية بالمعنى إنما رخص فيها من رخص حين كان الحرج شديدا على الرواة في ضبط الألفاظ، وهذا غير موجود فيما اشتملت عليه الكتب.

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