Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Ibn Shihāb said, “Had you seen Tāwūs, you would have known that he never lies.”

Al-Aʿmash transmitted from ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Maysarah, from Tāwūs, who said, “I met fifty of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.”

Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit related: “Five men once gathered with me—the like of whom are rarely found together: ʿAṭāʾ, Tāwūs, Mujāhid, Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, and ʿIkrimah.”

Maʿmar narrated from the son of Tāwūs, from his father: “Jesus, peace be upon him, met Iblīs and said, ‘Do you not know that nothing will touch you except what has been decreed for you?’ He replied, ‘Indeed.’ Jesus then said, ‘Climb to the summit of this mountain, throw yourself down, and see—will you live or not?’ Jesus added, ‘Allah says: My servant must not test Me, for I do whatever I will.’ ”

Maʿmar also reported it from al-Zuhrī with the wording: “The servant does not test his Lord; rather, Allah tests His servant.” Thus Jesus defeated him in argument.

Ḥafṣ ibn Ghiyāth narrated from Layth, who said, “Whenever people were strict about a matter, Tāwūs would adopt the lenient view; and whenever they were lax about something, he would be strict.” Layth added, “He did that on the basis of knowledge.”

ʿAnbasah ibn ʿAbd al-Wāḥid narrated from Ḥanẓalah ibn Abī Sufyān, who said, “I have never seen a scholar say ‘I do not know’ more often than Tāwūs.”

Sufyān al-Thawrī said, “Tāwūs had a Shiʿī inclination.” (1)

Maʿmar said, “Tāwūs once stayed behind to keep a companion company, and so he missed the pilgrimage.”

I say: he performed the Hajj many times.

(1) Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar writes in Tahdhib, 1/94: "In the terminology of the early scholars, tashayyu (Shi‘i inclination) refers to the belief that Ali is superior to Uthman, that Ali was in the right during his battles and his opponents were in error, while still affirming the precedence and merit of the first two caliphs. Some adherents even held that Ali was the most virtuous person after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. If a narrator who holds such views is known for piety, integrity, and earnest ijtihad (independent reasoning), his transmission is not to be rejected, especially when he is not an active propagandist for his position."
قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: لَوْ رَأَيْتَ طَاوُوْساً، عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَكْذِبُ. الأَعْمَشُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُوْسٍ، قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ خَمْسِيْنَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ. وَعَنْ حَبِيْبِ بنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ عِنْدِي خَمْسَةٌ لاَ يَجْتَمِعُ مِثْلُهُم عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ: عَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُوْسٌ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَسَعِيْدُ بنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ. مَعْمَرٌ: عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُوْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ، قَالَ: لَقِي عِيْسَى ﵇ إِبْلِيْسَ، فَقَالَ: أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لاَ يُصِيْبُكَ إِلاَّ مَا قُدِّرَ لَكَ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَارْقَ ذِرْوَةَ هَذَا الجَبَلِ، فَتَرَدَّ مِنْهُ، فَانْظُرْ أَتَعِيْشُ أَمْ لاَ؟ قَالَ عِيْسَى: إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُوْلُ: (لاَ يُجَرِّبْنِي عَبْدِي، فَإِنِّي أَفْعَلُ مَا شِئْتُ) . وَرَوَاهُ: مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَفِيْهِ: فَقَالَ: إِنَّ العَبْدَ لاَ يَبْتَلِي رَبَّهُ، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يَبْتَلِي عَبْدَهُ. قَالَ: فَخَصَمَهُ. حَفْصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ: عَنْ لَيْثٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ طَاوُوْسٌ إِذَا شَدَّدَ النَّاسُ فِي شَيْءٍ، رَخَّصَ هُوَ فِيْهِ، وَإِذَا تَرَخَّصَ النَّاسُ فِي شَيْءٍ، شَدَّدَ فِيْهِ. قَالَ لَيْثٌ: وذَلِكَ لِلْعِلْمِ. عَنْبَسَةُ بنُ عَبْدِ الوَاحِدِ: عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ عَالِماً قَطُّ يَقُوْلُ: لاَ أَدْرِي، أَكْثَرَ مِنْ طَاوُوْسٍ. وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: كَانَ طَاوُوْسٌ يَتَشَيَّعُ (١) . وَقَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: احْتَبَسَ طَاوُوْسٌ عَلَى رَفِيْقٍ لَهُ حَتَّى فَاتَهُ الحَجُّ. قُلْتُ: قَدْ حَجَّ مَرَّاتٍ كَثِيْرَةً.
(١) قال الحافظ ابن حجر في " التهذيب " ١ / ٩٤: التشيع في عرف المتقدمين: هو اعتقاد تفضيل. علي على عثمان، وأن عليا كان مصيبا في حروبه، وأن مخالفه مخطئ مع تقديم الشيخين وتفضيلهما، وربما اعتقد بعضهم أن عليا أفضل الخلق بعد رسول الله ﷺ، وإذا كان معتقد ذلك ورعا دينا صادقا مجتهدا، فلا ترد روايته لاسيما إن كان غير داعية.

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