Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (5/30)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

entering the state of prayer. If the urge arises during the prayer and he is able to hold out, his prayer is sound; but if it becomes too burdensome, he should break off and leave.

Ibrāhīm ibn Maysarah narrated from Ṭāwūs: “Had Ibn ʿAbbās’s freedman been mindful of God and restrained himself in what he reports, caravans would have traveled to seek him out.”

Ahmad ibn Manṣūr al-Marwazī transmitted from Ahmad ibn Zuhayr who said, “Among the people, Ikrimah is the most reliable in what he relates. He did not narrate from his contemporaries; the bulk of his reports are from the Companions.”

Abū Ṭālib quoted Ahmad ibn Ḥanbal as saying that Khālid al-Ḥadhdhāʾ remarked, “Everything Muḥammad ibn Sīrīn says, ‘I have been informed that Ibn ʿAbbās said…,’ he is actually narrating from Ikrimah.”

Someone asked, “What was the matter with him?” He replied, “He held the doctrine of the Khārijites, specifically the Sufriyyah faction, and there was hardly a region he did not travel to—Khurasān, Syria, Yemen, Egypt, and Ifriqiyyah.”

Ahmad added, “The people of Ifriqiyyah adopted the Sufriyyah view only from Ikrimah when he arrived among them, and he used to visit the governors seeking their gifts.”

The scholars of Medina differed concerning a woman who dies before her husband completes the procedure of liʿān (mutual imprecation): does he inherit from her or not? Abān ibn ʿUthmān said, “Summon Ibn ʿAbbās’s freedman.” He was brought, he informed them of the ruling, and they were astonished at him, for they recognized his learning (1).

…that is, for someone who intends to eat immediately; likewise, it is disliked to perform the prayer while restraining the two natural impulses (*al-akhbathayn*, i.e., urine and feces). This is based on the hadith of Aishah: “I heard the Messenger of Allah say: ‘There is no prayer in the presence of food, nor while one is pressed by the two impurities.’” Abu Dawud narrated it (no. 89). A similar report from Abu Hurayrah is found in Ibn Hibban (no. 195) with the wording: “None of you should pray while the two impurities press him.” Another version from Abd Allah ibn al-Arqam appears in Malik’s al-Muwattaʾ 1/159, Abu Dawud (no. 88), al-Tirmidhi (no. 142), al-Nasaʾi 2/110–111, and Ibn Majah (no. 616). Its chain is sound; al-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim (1/168), followed by al-Dhahabi, declared it authentic. Its wording is: “When one of you wishes to relieve himself, let him do so before the prayer.” Another variant states: “If one of you wants to go to the lavatory and the prayer is being called, let him start with the lavatory.” (1) For the various scholarly opinions on the exact moment when separation between the spouses becomes effective in *liʿan* (mutual imprecation), see Sharh al-Sunnah, 9/255 ff., in our critical edition.

الإِحْرَامِ بِالصَّلاَةِ - فَإِنْ عَرَضَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ، وَأَمْكَنَهُ الصَّبْرُ، فَصَلاَتُهُ صَحِيْحَةٌ، وَإِنْ أَجْهَدَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ. وَرَوَى: إِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُوْسٍ: لَوْ أَنَّ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ اتَّقَى اللهَ، وَكَفَّ مِنْ حَدِيْثِهِ، لَشُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ المَطَايَا. وَرَوَى: أَحْمَدُ بنُ مَنْصُوْرٍ المَرْوَزِيُّ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بنِ زُهَيْرٍ، قَالَ: عِكْرِمَةُ أَثْبَتُ النَّاسِ فِيْمَا رَوَى، وَلَمْ يُحَدِّث عَنْ أَقْرَانِهِ، أَكْثَرُ حَدِيْثِهِ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بنِ حَنْبَلٍ: قَالَ خَالِدٌ الحَذَّاءُ: كُلُّ مَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ سِيْرِيْنَ: نُبِّئْتُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ. قِيْلَ: مَا شَأْنُهُ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يَرَى رَأْيَ الخَوَارِجِ، رَأْيَ الصُّفْرِيَّةِ، وَلَمْ يَدَعْ مَوْضِعاً إِلاَّ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ: خُرَاسَانَ، وَالشَّامَ، وَاليَمَنَ، وَمِصْرَ، وَإِفْرِيْقِيَةَ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذَ أَهْلُ إِفْرِيْقِيَةَ رَأْيَ الصُّفْرِيَّةِ مِنْ عِكْرِمَةَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِم، وَكَانَ يَأْتِي الأُمَرَاءَ يَطْلُبُ جَوَائِزَهُم. وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ المَدِيْنَةِ فِي المَرْأَةِ تَمُوْتُ وَلَمْ يُلاَعِنْهَا زَوْجُهَا: يَرِثُهَا؟ فَقَالَ أَبَانُ بنُ عُثْمَانَ: ادْعُوا مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. فَدُعِيَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُم، فَعَجِبُوا مِنْهُ، وَكَانُوا يَعْرِفُوْنَهُ بِالعِلْمِ (١) .

= الذي يريد أكله في الحال، وكراهة الصلاة مع مدافعة الاخبثين من حديث عائشة ﵂ سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول: " لا صلاة بحضرة طعام، ولا هو يدافعه الاخبثان " وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٩) وفي الباب عن أبي هريرة عند ابن حبان (١٩٥) بلفظ " لا يصلي أحدكم وهو يدافعه الاخبثان " وعن عبد الله بن الارقم عند مالك في " الموطأ " ١ / ١٥٩، وأبي داود (٨٨) والترمذي (١٤٢) والنسائي ٢ / ١١٠، ١١١، وابن ماجه (٦١٦) وإسناده صحيح، وصححه الترمذي، والحاكم ١ / ١٦٨ ووافقه الذهبي، ولفظه " إذا أراد أحدكم الغائط، فليبدأ به قبل الصلاة " وفي لفظ " إذا أراد أحدكم أن يذهب إلى الخلاء، وقامت الصلاة، فليبدأ بالخلاء ". (١) انظر أقوال العلماء في الوقت الذي تقع فيه الفرقة بين الزوجين في اللعان في " شرح السنة " ٩ / ٢٥٥ وما بعدها بتحقيقنا.