Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid said, “I heard al-Shaʿbī declare, ‘No one alive today is more knowledgeable of the Book of Allah than Ikrimah.’

Qatādah observed, ‘The most learned of people concerning what is lawful and unlawful is al-Ḥasan; the one who knows the rites (manāsik) best is ʿAṭāʾ; and the foremost authority in tafsīr is Ikrimah.’

Saʿīd transmitted from Qatādah that he said, ‘Among the Followers the four greatest scholars were: ʿAṭāʾ, who knew the rites best; Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, the most expert in tafsīr; Ikrimah, the most knowledgeable of the Prophet’s biography; and al-Ḥasan, the most versed in what is lawful and unlawful.’

Hātim ibn Wardān related from Ayyūb: ‘The preservers of Ibn ʿAbbās’s traditions—among them Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, ʿAṭāʾ, and Ṭāwūs—gathered around Ikrimah and seated him before them. They began asking him about the hadiths of Ibn ʿAbbās; each time he narrated a report, Saʿīd would say, “Exactly so,” counting off with his fingers up to thirty, until they asked about the fish (1).

Ikrimah replied, “It used to travel alongside the two of them in a shallow stretch of water.” Saʿīd said, “I testify that Ibn ʿAbbās said: the two of them carried it in a basket.” Ayyūb remarked, “I think he used to relate both statements.”’

Abū Bakr al-Hudhalī said, ‘I asked al-Zuhrī, “Ikrimah and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr have differed regarding one of the scoffers. Saʿīd says it was al-Ḥārith ibn Ghayṭalah, whereas Ikrimah says it was al-Ḥārith ibn Qays.” He replied, “Both are correct: his mother was called Ghayṭalah (2) and his father was called Qays.”’

(1) He is referring to the fish that Moses and his young servant forgot when they reached the junction of the two seas. The term *dahdah* (shallow water) denotes water spreading over the ground up to the ankles; the word is borrowed for the Fire in the hadith of Abu Saʿid al-Khudri, where the Messenger of Allah mentioned his uncle Abu Talib and said: “Perhaps my intercession will benefit him on the Day of Resurrection; he will be placed in a shallow pool of Fire reaching his ankles and his brain will boil from it.” Reported by al-Bukhari, 7/149, and Muslim, no. 210. (2) The same reading is found in al-Tabari, Tafsir, vol. 14, p. 70, and in Ibn Hisham, al-Sira, vol. 1, p. 409, where the name appears as al-Harith b. al-Talatala. Ibn Ishaq relates: “The Messenger of Allah remained constant in carrying out Allah’s command, patient and seeking His reward, offering sincere counsel to his people despite their denial, harm and mockery.” He then lists the principal scoffers and continues: “When they persisted in evil and intensified their ridicule of the Messenger of Allah, Allah revealed to him: ‘Proclaim openly what you are commanded and turn away…’”
وَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيْلُ بنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ يَقُوْلُ: مَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ أَعْلَمُ بِكِتَابِ اللهِ مِنْ عِكْرِمَةَ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالحَلاَلِ وَالحَرَامِ: الحَسَنُ، وَأَعْلَمُهُم بِالمَنَاسِكِ: عَطَاءٌ، وَأَعْلَمُهُم بِالتَّفْسِيْرِ: عِكْرِمَةُ. وَرَوَى: سَعِيْدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَعْلَمَ التَّابِعِيْنَ أَرْبَعَةٌ: كَانَ عَطَاءٌ أَعْلَمَهُم بِالمَنَاسِكِ، وَكَانَ سَعِيْدُ بنُ جُبَيْرٍ أَعْلَمَهُم بِالتَّفْسِيْرِ، وَكَانَ عِكْرِمَةُ أَعْلَمَهُم بِسِيْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَكَانَ الحَسَنُ أَعْلَمَهُم بِالحَلاَلِ وَالحَرَامِ. رَوَى: حَاتِمُ بنُ وَرْدَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوْبَ، قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ حُفَّاظُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مِنْهُم: سَعِيْدُ بنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَطَاوُوْسٌ عَلَى عِكْرِمَةَ، فَأَقْعَدُوْهُ، فَجَعَلُوا يَسْأَلُوْنَهُ عَنْ حَدِيْثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَكُلَّمَا حَدَّثَهُم حَدِيْثاً، قَالَ سَعِيْدٌ: هَكَذَا، يَعْقِدُ ثَلاَثِيْنَ، حَتَّى سُئِلَ عَنِ الحُوْتِ (١) ؟ فَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: كَانَ يُسَايِرُهُمَا فِي ضَحْضَاحٍ مِنَ المَاءِ. فَقَالَ سَعِيْدٌ: أَشْهَدُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَا يَحْمِلاَنِهِ فِي مِكْتَلٍ. فَقَالَ أَيُّوْبُ: أُرَاهُ كَانَ يَقُوْلُ القَوْلَيْنِ جَمِيْعاً. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الهُذَلِيُّ: قُلْتُ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: إِنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ وَسَعِيْدَ بنَ جُبَيْرٍ اخْتَلَفَا فِي رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسْتَهْزِئِيْنَ. فَقَالَ سَعِيْدٌ: الحَارِثُ بنُ غَيْطَلَةَ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: الحَارِثُ بنُ قَيْسٍ. فَقَالَ: صَدَقَا جَمِيْعاً، كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ تُدْعَى غَيْطَلَةَ (٢) ، وَكَانَ أَبُوْهُ يُدْعَى قَيْساً.
(١) يريد الحوت الذي نسيه موسى وفتاه حين بلغا مجمع البحرين، والضحضاح: مارق من الماء على وجه الأرض إلى نحو الكعبين، وقد استعير للنار في حديث أبي سعيد الخدري أن رسول الله ﷺ ذكر عنده عمه أبو طالب، فقال: " لعله تنفعه شفاعتي يوم القيامة، فيجعل في ضحضاح من نار يبلغ كعبيه يغلي منها دماغه " أخرجه البخاري ٧ / ١٤٩، ومسلم (٢١٠) . (٢) وهو كذلك في تفسير الطبري ١٤ / ٧٠، وفي سيرة ابن هشام ١ / ٤٠٩: الحارث بن الطلاطلة. قال ابن إسحاق: فأقام رسول الله ﷺ على أمر الله تعالى صابرا محتسبا مؤديا إلى قومه النصيحة على ما يلقى منهم من التكذيب والاذى والاستهزاء. وذكر عظماء المستهزئين، ثم قال: فلما تمادوا في الشر، وأكثروا برسول الله ﷺ الاستهزاء، أنزل الله تعالى عليه (فاصدع بما تؤمر وأعرض =

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