Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He said, “Go, and give them legal verdicts. If someone comes to you asking about a matter that truly concerns him, then issue a ruling for him; but if he asks about something that does not concern him, do not answer him—for in that way you will cast off two-thirds of the people’s burden.”

ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Bahrām said: “I saw ʿIkrimah with a white beard. He was wearing a white turban whose end hung between his shoulders, wrapped beneath his beard. His shirt fell to the ankles, and his cloak was also white. He visited Bilāl ibn Mirdās—who at that time was governor of al-Madāʾin (1)—and Bilāl presented him with three thousand, which he accepted.”

Abū Saʿīd ibn Yūnus said: “ʿIkrimah was a resident of Medina; he had also lived in Mecca, and he came to Egypt.”

I say: He traveled a great deal.

He said: “He stayed with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥassās al-Ghāfiqī and then went on to Ifrīqiyah.”

Al-ʿAbbās ibn Muṣʿab al-Marwazī said: “Of all the disciples of Ibn ʿAbbās, he was the most learned in Qur’anic exegesis (2), and he would circulate through the lands making himself available.”

He arrived in Marw to see Makhlad ibn Yazīd ibn al-Muhallab, and he used to sit among the saddle-makers in the shop of Abū Salamah the saddler, Mughīrah ibn Muslim. Makhlad then mounted him on a green mule.

Abū Tumaylah narrated—from Ḍimād ibn ʿĀmir al-Qasmalī, from al-Farazdaq ibn Jawwās al-Ḥimmānī—that he said:

“We were with Shahr ibn Ḥawshab in Jurjān when ʿIkrimah arrived. We said to Shahr, ‘Shall we not go to him?’ He replied, ‘Go to him, for no community has ever been without its scholar, and the client of Ibn ʿAbbās is the scholar of this community.’”

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn Maʿqil said: “When ʿIkrimah came to the army camp, Ṭāwūs presented him with young camels worth sixty dinars.”

Someone said to Ṭāwūs, “What is this slave going to do with young camels worth sixty dinars?”

He replied, “Do you imagine I would not purchase the knowledge of Ibn ʿAbbās for sixty dinars on behalf of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṭāwūs?”

Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn said: “Ibn ʿAbbās died while ʿIkrimah was still a slave who had not been manumitted, so he sold him…”

(1) Al-Madain: a group of towns situated about seven farsakhs (c. 40 km) from Baghdad on both banks of the Tigris. It was the seat of the Sasanian kings and was taken by Saʿd b. Abi Waqqas in the month of Safar during the caliphate of ʿUmar. (2) Shakirdi: a Persian word meaning “pupil” or “servant.” In this context it implies that ʿIkrima was the most knowledgeable of Ibn ʿAbbas’s students in Qurʾanic exegesis.
قَالَ: انْطَلِقْ، فَأَفْتِهِم، فَمَنْ جَاءكَ يَسْأَلُكَ عَمَّا يَعْنِيْهِ، فَأَفْتِهِ، وَمَنْ سَأَلَكَ عَمَّا لاَ يَعْنِيْهِ، فَلاَ تُفْتِهِ، فَإِنَّكَ تَطْرَحُ عَنْكَ ثُلُثَيْ مُؤْنَةِ النَّاسِ. قَالَ عَبْدُ الحَمِيْدِ بنُ بَهْرَامَ: رَأَيْتُ عِكْرِمَةَ أَبْيَضَ اللِّحْيَةِ، عَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ، طَرَفُهَا بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ، قَدْ أَدَارَهَا تَحْتَ لِحْيَتِهِ، وَقَمِيْصُهُ إِلَى الكَعْبَيْنِ، وَكَانَ رِدَاؤُهُ أَبْيَضَ، وَقَدِمَ عَلَى بِلاَلِ بنِ مِرْدَاسٍ - وَكَانَ عَلَى المَدَائِنِ (١) - فَأَجَازَهُ بِثَلاَثَةِ آلاَفٍ، فَقَبَضَهَا مِنْهُ. قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيْدٍ بنُ يُوْنُسَ: عِكْرِمَةُ: مِنْ سُكَّانِ المَدِيْنَةِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ سَكَنَ مَكَّةَ، قَدِمَ مِصْرَ. قُلْتُ: كَانَ كَثِيْرَ الأَسْفَارِ. قَالَ: وَنَزَلَ عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بنِ الحَسَّاسِ الغَافِقِيِّ، وَصَارَ إِلَى إِفْرِيْقِيَةَ. قَالَ العَبَّاسُ بنُ مُصْعَبٍ المَرْوَزِيُّ: كَانَ أَعْلَمَ شَاكِرْدِيِّ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِالتَّفْسِيْرِ (٢) ، وَكَانَ يَدُوْرُ البُلْدَانَ يَتَعَرَّضُ. وَقَدِمَ مَرْوَ عَلَى مَخْلَدِ بنِ يَزِيْدَ بنِ المُهَلَّبِ، وَكَانَ يَجْلِسُ فِي السَّرَّاجِيْنَ فِي دُكَّانِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ السَّرَاجِ مُغِيْرَةَ بنِ مُسْلِمٍ، فَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ خَضْرَاءَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو تُمَيْلَةَ: عَنْ ضِمَادِ بنِ عَامِرٍ القَسْمَلِيِّ، عَنِ الفَرَزْدَقِ بنِ جَوَّاسٍ الحِمَّانِيِّ، قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ شَهْرِ بنِ حَوْشَبٍ بِجُرْجَانَ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا عِكْرِمَةُ، فَقُلْنَا لِشَهْرٍ: أَلاَ نَأْتِيْهِ؟ قَالَ: ائْتُوْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ تَكُنْ أُمَّةٌ إِلاَّ كَانَ لَهَا حَبْرٌ، وَإِنَّ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حَبْرُ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ. قَالَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ مَعْقِلٍ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ عِكْرِمَةُ الجُنْدَ، أَهْدَى لَهُ طَاوُوْسٌ نُجُباً بِسِتِّيْنَ دِيْنَاراً. فَقِيْلَ لِطَاوُوْسٍ: مَا يَصْنَعُ هَذَا العَبْدُ بِنُجُبٍ بِسِتِّيْنَ دِيْنَاراً؟ قَالَ: أَتَرَوْنِي لاَ أَشْتَرِي عِلْمَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِسِتِّيْنَ دِيْنَاراً لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ طَاوُوْسٍ. قَالَ يَحْيَى بنُ مَعِيْنٍ: مَاتَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ عَبْدٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ، فَبَاعَهُ
(١) المدائن: قرب بغداد تبعد عنها سبعة فراسخ على حافتي دجلة، كانت مسكن الملوك من الاكاسرة الساسانية، وفتحت على يد سعد بن أبي وقاص ﵁ في صفر في خلافة عمر ﵁. (٢) شاكردي: كلمة فارسية معناها: التلميذ والخادم، والمعنى: كان عكرمة أعلم تلاميذ ابن عباس بالتفسير.

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