Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Al-Nasāʾī and others declared him reliable, and when he died his brother mourned him and wept. It was said that the brother had died a year before him, but the sound position is that he himself died in the year 100 AH, and because of his piety he was nicknamed “the monk” (1) — may Allah have mercy on him. His ḥadiths appear in all the canonical compilations, and Allah knows best.

225 – al-Akhtal Ghiyāth b. Ghawth al-Taghlibī, the Christian *
He was the premier poet of his age; his full name is Ghiyāth b. Ghawth al-Taghlibī, the Christian. Someone asked al-Farazdaq, “Who is the greatest of the poets?” He replied, “For self-praise, suffice it to mention me; for satire, Jarīr; and for panegyric, the son of the Christian woman.” ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān used to lavish al-Akhtal with generous stipends and preferred his poetry to that of others.

Al-Ukhaytil (2) said:
“People’s sole concern is life, yet I see …
that long life adds nothing but derangement;
And if you are ever in need of treasure you will not find …
a hoard comparable to righteous deeds.” (3)

It is reported that a bishop once chained and humiliated al-Akhtal. When he was reproached for enduring it, he replied, “It is religion; it is religion!” (4)

He amassed great wealth from the Umayyads and died several years before al-Farazdaq.

(1) The original reads: “raḥib al-Madina.” The word raḥib (ascetic, monk) derives from rahba, meaning fear (of God). (*) Ibn Sallam, Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 451; Ibn Qutayba, Shiʿr wa-l-Shuʿaraʾ, p. 393; Abu l-Faraj al-Isbahani, al-Aghani, vol. 7, p. 169; Simt al-Lali, p. 44; Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh Dimashq, vol. 14, fol. 73a; al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, vol. 3, p. 337; Sharh Shawahid al-Mughni, p. 46; Khizanat al-Adab, ed. Harun, vol. 1, p. 459. (2) The manuscript has “lil-akḥtīl,” a scribal corruption. (3) The two verses appear in al-Akhtal’s Diwan, p. 248, and in Tarikh al-Islam, vol. 3, p. 337. Al-Tabari (Tarikh, vol. 6, p. 186) ascribes them to Ibn Muqbil; the second verse is also cited by Ibn Sallam (Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 493), Abu l-Faraj (al-Aghani, Cairo, Dar al-Kutub, vol. 8, p. 310), and Ibn ʿAsakir (vol. 14, fols. 73b, 77a). Al-Mubarrad, in al-Kamil (vol. 2, p. 14), attributes them to Khalil ibn Ahmad. The stronger view is that they belong to a qasida by al-Akhtal. (4) For the complete narrative, see Ibn Sallam, Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 490.
وَثَّقَهُ: النَّسَائِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ حَزِنَ عَلَيْهِ أَخُوْهُ، وَبَكَى. قِيْلَ: مَاتَ قَبْلَهُ بِعَامٍ، وَالصَّحِيْحُ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ سَنَةَ مائَةٍ، وَكَانَ يُسَمَّى رَاهِباً لِدِيْنِهِ (١) ﵀. حَدِيْثُهُ فِي الدَّوَاوِيْنِ كُلِّهَا - وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ -. ٢٢٥ - الأَخْطَلُ غِيَاثُ بنُ غَوْثٍ التَّغْلِبِيُّ النَّصْرَانِيُّ * شَاعِرُ زَمَانِهِ، وَاسْمُهُ: غِيَاثُ بنُ غَوْثٍ التَّغْلِبِيُّ، النَّصْرَانِيُّ. قِيْلَ لِلْفَرَزْدَقِ: مَنْ أَشْعَرُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: كَفَاكَ بِي إِذَا افْتَخَرْتُ، وَبِجَرِيْرٍ إِذَا هَجَا، وَبِابْنِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ إِذَا امْتَدَحَ. وَكَانَ عَبْدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَرْوَانَ يُجْزِلُ عَطَاءَ الأَخْطَلِ، وَيُفَضِّلُهُ فِي الشِّعْرِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ. وَلِلأُخَيْطِلِ (٢) : وَالنَّاسُ هَمُّهُمُ الحَيَاةُ، وَلاَ أَرَى ... طُوْلَ الحَيَاةِ يَزِيْدُ غَيْرَ خَبَالِ وَإِذَا افْتَقَرْتَ إِلَى الذَّخَائِرِ لَمْ تَجِدْ ... ذُخْراً يَكُوْنُ كَصَالِحِ الأَعْمَالِ (٣) وَقِيْلَ: إِنَّ الأَخْطَلَ قَيَّدَهُ الأُسْقُفُّ، وَأَهَانَهُ، فَلِيْمَ فِي صَبْرِهِ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ الدِّيْنُ، إِنَّهُ الدِّيْنُ (٤) . وَقَدْ حَصَّلَ أَمْوَالاً جَزِيْلَةً مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَمَاتَ قَبْلَ الفَرَزْدَقِ بِسَنَوَاتٍ.
(١) في الأصل:: راهب المدينة، والراهب: المتعبد، هو من الرهبة، الخوف. (*) طبقات ابن سلام ١ / ٤٥١، الشعر والشعراء ٣٩٣، الاغاني ٧ / ١٦٩، سمط اللآلي ٤٤، تاريخ ابن عساكر ١٤ / ٧٣ آ، تاريخ الإسلام ٣ / ٣٣٧، شرح شواهد المغني ٤٦، خزانة الأدب (بتحقيق هارون) ١ / ٤٥٩. (٢) في الأصل " للاخطيل " وهو تحريف. (٣) البيتان في ديوانه ٢٤٨ وتاريخ الإسلام ٣ / ٣٣٧. وعزاهما الطبري في تاريخه ٦ / ١٨٦ لابن مقبل، وأورد الثاني منهما ابن سلام في طبقاته ١ / ٤٩٣ وكذا أبو الفرج في أغانيه ط دار الكتب ٨ / ٣١٠ وابن عساكر ١٤ / ٧٣ ب، ٧٧ آ. وعزاه المبرد في " الكامل " ٢ / ١٤ للخليل بن أحمد. والمرجح أنهما من قصيدة للاخطل. (٤) انظر الخبر مفصلا في طبقات ابن سلام ١ / ٤٩٠.

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