Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Yahya ibn Maʿin declared him trustworthy. Abu Hatim said, “He is truthful in hadith.” It was also said that he was the son of the man who transmitted the hadith (1) “Do not benefit from the hide or the sinews of a carcass.” Others maintained that he was Maʿbad ibn Khalid.

ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr related that the Qur’an-reciters gathered around Maʿbad al-Juhani, who had been one of those present at the arbitration, and said to him, “The affair of these two—ʿAli and Muʿawiyah—has gone on too long; why not speak to them?” He replied, “Do not involve me in a matter I detest. By Allah, I have never seen the like of Quraysh; it is as though their hearts were locked with iron locks. Still, I shall proceed to do what you have asked.”

Maʿbad continued, “I met Abu Musa and said, ‘Consider carefully what you intend to do.’ He answered, ‘O Maʿbad, tomorrow we shall summon the people to a man about whom no two will differ.’ I said to myself, ‘That means he has deposed his companion.’

“Then I met ʿAmr and said, ‘You have been entrusted with the affair of the ummah; consider what you will do.’ He pulled his bridle from my hand and said, ‘Away with you, you he-goat of Juhaynah! What business is this of yours? You are privy to neither the private counsel nor the public deliberation. By Allah, the truth will not benefit you, nor will falsehood harm you.’ (2)

Al-Jawzajani said: ‘There were some people who spoke about qadar (divine decree). The scholars accepted their narrations because they recognized their diligence in religion, their honesty, and their trustworthiness, and they never suspected them of lying, even though they were tried by the unsoundness of their views. Among them were Maʿbad al-Juhani and Qatadah, and Maʿbad was their leader.’

Muhammad ibn Shuʿayb said, ‘I heard al-Awzaʿi say: The first person to speak about qadar…’

(1) This report is found in the four Sunan collections, but its chain is weak because of inconsistency, as more than one leading scholar has pointed out; see the detailed discussion in Nasb al-Raya, 1/120, 122, and Talkhis al-Habir, 1/147–148. A rigorously authenticated narration from Ibn Abbas states: “Any hide that has been tanned is thereby purified.” (2) Ibn Asakir, 16/400a–b, transmits the account at greater length and adds at the end: “…He then went on his way and left me. At that, Maʿbad began to recite: ‘I met Abu Musa, who informed me of what you sought, while ʿAmr withheld the report. How different Abu Musa is from his companion! By your life, ʿAmr is a man of merit and standing. One, through heedlessness, exposed his inner nature; the other was cautious, like a striped serpent.’”
وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ: يَحْيَى بنُ مَعِيْنٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ: صَدُوْقٌ فِي الحَدِيْثِ. وَقِيْلَ: هُوَ وَلَدُ صَاحِبِ حَدِيْثِ: (لاَ تَنْتَفِعُوا مِنَ المَيْتَةِ بِإِهَابٍ وَلاَ عَصَبٍ (١)) . وَقِيْلَ: هُوَ مَعْبَدُ بنُ خَالِدٍ. وَعَنْ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيْرٍ: أَنَّ القُرَّاءَ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى مَعْبَدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ مَنْ شَهِدَ الحَكَمَيْنِ، وَقَالُوا لَهُ: قَدْ طَالَ أَمْرُ هَذَيْنِ: عَلِيٍّ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، فَلَوْ كَلَّمْتَهُمَا. قَالَ: لاَ تُعَرِّضُوْنِي لأَمْرٍ أَنَا لَهُ كَارِهٌ، وَاللهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ كَقُرَيْشٍ، كَأَنَّ قُلُوْبَهُم أُقْفِلَتْ بِأَقْفَالِ الحَدِيْدِ، وَأَنَا صَائِرٌ إِلَى مَا سَأَلْتُم. قَالَ مَعْبَدٌ: فَلَقِيْتُ أَبَا مُوْسَى، فَقُلْتُ: انْظُرْ مَا أَنْتَ صَانِعٌ. قَالَ: يَا مَعْبَدُ، غَداً نَدْعُو النَّاسَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ لاَ يَخْتَلِفُ فِيْهِ اثْنَانِ. فَقُلْتُ لِنَفْسِي: أَمَّا هَذَا، فَقَدْ عَزَلَ صَاحِبَهُ. ثُمَّ لَقِيْتُ عَمْراً، وَقُلْتُ: قَدْ وَلِيْتَ أَمْرَ الأُمَّةِ، فَانْظُرْ مَا أَنْتَ صَانِعٌ. فَنَزَعَ عِنَانَهُ مِنْ يَدِي، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِيْهاً تَيْسَ جُهَيْنَةَ؛ مَا أَنْتَ وَهَذَا؟! لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السِّرِّ وَلاَ العَلاَنِيَةِ، وَاللهِ مَا يَنْفَعُكَ الحَقُّ وَلاَ يَضُرُّكَ البَاطِلُ (٢) . قَالَ الجَوْزَجَانِيُّ: كَانَ قَوْمٌ يَتَكَلَّمُوْنَ فِي القَدَرِ، احْتَمَلَ النَّاسُ حَدِيْثَهُم لِمَا عَرَفُوا مِنِ اجْتِهَادِهِم فِي الدِّيْنِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالأَمَانَةِ، وَلَمْ يُتَوَهَّمْ عَلَيْهِمُ الكَذِبَ، وَإِنْ بُلُوا بِسُوْءِ رَأْيِهِم، مِنْهُمْ مَعْبَدٌ الجُهَنِيُّ، وَقَتَادَةُ، وَمَعْبَدٌ رَأْسُهُم. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ شُعَيْبٍ: سَمِعْتُ الأَوْزَاعِيَّ يَقُوْلُ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ نَطَقَ فِي القَدَرِ
(١) أخرجه أصحاب السنن، وهو حديث ضعيف لاضطرا به كما ذكر غير واحد من الأئمة، انظر بسط ذلك في " نصب الراية " ١ / ١٢٠ ; ١٢٢، و" تلخيص الحبير " ١ / ١٤٧، ١٤٨ ; وقد صح عنه ﷺ من حديث ابن عباس: " أيما إهاب دبغ فقد طهر ". (٢) الخبر في " ابن عساكر " ١٦ / ٤٠٠ آ، ب مطول، وزاد في نهاية الخبر: "..ثم مضى وتركني فأنشأ معبد يقول: إني لقيت أبا موسى فأخبرني * بما أردت وعمرو ضن بالخبر شتان بين أبي موسى وصاحبه * عمرو لعمرك عند الفضل والخطر هذا له غفلة أبدت سريرته * وذاك ذو حذر كالحية الذكر

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