years. When he passed away, it is said that forty battle-standards were broken over his grave. He enjoyed an ample share of fasting, night prayer, and campaigning in Allah’s cause. He died around the year 60 AH, or shortly thereafter. (1)
The Remainder of the First Rank of the Senior Successors
36 – Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah, Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib al-Qurashī * and his two sons (ʿ)
The noble master, the imam, Abū al-Qāsim—also called Abū ʿAbd Allah—Muḥammad, son of the imam ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ʿAbd Manāf ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib Shaybah ibn Hāshim ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn Quṣayy ibn Kilāb—the Qurashi, the Hāshimite, the Medinan; brother of al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn.
His mother was among the captives of al-Yamāmah taken during the caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq; she was Khawlah bint Jaʿfar al-Ḥanafiyyah.
Al-Wāqidī narrated: Ibn Abī al-Zinād told me, on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwah, from Fāṭimah bint al-Mundhir, from Asmāʾ, who said:
“I saw the Ḥanafiyyah; she was dark-skinned, scarified, and had beautiful hair. ʿAlī bought her at Dhū al-Majāz on his return from Yemen, then gave her to Fāṭimah. Fāṭimah sold her, whereupon Mukkammil al-Ghifārī bought her, and she bore him ʿAwnah.” (2)
(1) Ibn al-Athir records a raid against Byzantine territory in the year 146 AH, but this is plainly erroneous; see his biography in al-Kamil, vol. 5, p. 576.
(*) Principal biographical sources: Ibn Saʿd, al-Tabaqat, vol. 5, p. 91; al-Zubayr b. Bakkar, Nasab Quraysh, p. 41; Khalifa b. Khayyat, al-Tabaqat (1971 ed.); al-Bukhari, al-Tarikh, vol. 1, p. 182; Ibn Qutayba, al-Maʿarif, pp. 210 & 216; al-Yaʿqubi, al-Maʿrifa wa-l-Tarikh, vol. 1, p. 544; Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Jarh wa-l-Taʿdil, vol. 4, part 1, p. 26; al-Muqaddasi, al-Badʾ wa-l-Tarikh, vol. 5, p. 75; Abu Nuʿaym, Hilyat al-Awliyaʾ, vol. 3, p. 174; al-Shirazi, Tabaqat al-Fuqahaʾ, p. 62; Ibn ʿAsakir, Tarikh Dimashq, vol. 15, p. 364a; al-Nawawi, Tahdhib al-Asmaʾ wa-l-Lughat, part 1 of vol. 1, p. 88; Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-Aʿyan, vol. 4, p. 169; al-Mizzi, Tahdhib al-Kamal, p. 1245; al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, vol. 3, p. 294; idem, al-ʿIbar, vol. 1, p. 93; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah wa-l-Nihayah, vol. 9, p. 38; Ibn Futuh, al-ʿIqd al-Thamin, vol. 2, p. 157; Ibn al-Jazari, Tabaqat al-Qurraʾ, no. 3262; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 9, p. 354; al-Khazraji, Khulasat Tadhhib al-Kamal, p. 352; Ibn al-Imad, Shadharat al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 88; al-Hafi, Nuzhat al-Jalis, vol. 2, p. 254.
(2) See also Ibn Saʿd, al-Tabaqat, vol. 5, p. 91.