and ʿIyāsh ibn Abī Rabīʿah. They said to Hishām—dreading the harm he might do them—“We would like you to rebuke these young men for the new religion they have adopted; once you do so, we will feel safe with respect to the rest of them.” He replied, “Very well, the matter is yours; censure him”—meaning his brother al-Walīd—“but do not touch his person,” and he recited:
Beware, do not kill my brother ʿIyāsh,
lest endless strife forever mar our ties.
“Guard his life,” he warned, “for by Allah, if you kill him I shall slay the noblest man among you.” [They responded, “May Allah curse him, and whoever inconveniences himself for this vile fellow! By Allah, if he were killed while in our hands the noblest of us would surely be slain.”] And so they left him and gave up their design; it was one of the ways by which Allah protected him.
ʿAmr ibn Dīnār—reported by Ibn ʿUyaynah—said: When ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ returned from Abyssinia he stayed inside his house. The people asked, “What is the matter with him? Why does he not go out?” He replied, “Aṣḥama claims that your companion is a prophet.”
Ibn Isḥāq, through Muḥammad ibn Ḥumayd al-Rāzī, relates that the Prophet ﷺ wrote to the Negus inviting him to Islam, sending the letter with ʿAmr ibn Umayya al-Ḍamrī. The Negus wrote back:
In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Compassionate.
To Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, from the Negus Aṣḥama ibn Abjar.
Peace be upon you, O Prophet of Allah, and the mercy and blessings of Allah.
I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah. I have pledged allegiance to you and to your cousin, and through him I have submitted myself to Allah, Lord of the worlds. I have sent to you my son Arīḥā, for I have power only over my own person. If you wish me to come to you, I will do so, O Messenger of Allah.
Yūnus narrated from Ibn Isḥāq that the Negus’s personal name was Maṣḥama, which in Arabic means “gift,” whereas “Negus” is the royal title—just as one says “Khosrow” or “Heraclius.”
In the ḥadīth of Jābir it is reported that the Prophet ﷺ offered the funeral prayer for Aṣḥama the Negus; the variant “Maṣḥama,” however, is an uncommon form.