Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (3/364)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He enjoyed the distinction of being a Companion and of transmitting prophetic reports. Although formally counted among the younger Companions, he was nonetheless eminent in knowledge, honor, struggle, and devotion.

He likewise narrated hadith from his father, from his maternal grandfather al-Ṣiddīq (Abu Bakr), from his mother Asmāʾ, from his aunt ʿĀʾishah, and from ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, and others.

Those who transmitted from him include his brother, the jurist ʿUrwah; his two sons ʿĀmir and ʿAbbād; his nephew Muḥammad ibn ʿUrwah; ʿUbaydah al-Salmānī; Ṭāwūs; ʿAṭāʾ; Ibn Abī Mulaykah; ʿAmr ibn Dīnār; Thābit al-Bunānī; Abū al-Zubayr al-Makkī; Abū Isḥāq al-Sabyʿī; Wahb ibn Kaysān; Saʿīd ibn Mināʾ; his grandsons Muṣʿab ibn Thābit ibn ʿAbd Allāh and Yaḥyā ibn ʿAbbād ibn ʿAbd Allāh; Hishām ibn ʿUrwah; Fāṭimah bint al-Mundhir ibn al-Zubayr; and many others.

In his day he was regarded as the foremost horseman of Quraysh, famed for a number of celebrated exploits. It is said that he fought at Yarmūk while still a youth, took part in the conquest of the Maghrib, joined the expedition against Constantinople, and was present at the Day of the Camel beside his aunt.

When Yazīd died in 64 AH, he was given the pledge of allegiance as caliph and exercised authority over the Ḥijāz, Yemen, Egypt, Iraq, Khurāsān, and parts of Syria. Even so, full power was never secured for him; for that reason some scholars do not count him among the Commanders of the Faithful, classing his reign as a time of division. Marwān gained control of Syria and then Egypt. At Marwān’s death his son ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān assumed command, waged war against Ibn al-Zubayr, and Ibn al-Zubayr—may Allah be pleased with him—was killed. ʿAbd al-Malik and his household then held the caliphate firmly until the Banū al-ʿAbbās overthrew them after sixty years of rule.

It is said that Ibn al-Zubayr lived during the Messenger of Allah’s lifetime for eight years and four months, and, being of the Prophet’s household, he had ready access to him and would frequently enter

وَلَهُ صُحْبَةٌ، وَرِوَايَةُ أَحَادِيْثَ. عِدَادُه فِي صِغَارِ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَبِيْراً فِي العِلْمِ، وَالشَّرَفِ، وَالجِهَادِ، وَالعِبَادَةِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى أَيْضاً عَنْ: أَبِيْهِ، وَجَدِّهِ لأُمِّهِ؛ الصِّدِّيْقِ، وَأُمِّهِ أَسْمَاءَ، وَخَالَتِهِ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَغَيْرِهِم. حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: أَخُوْهُ؛ عُرْوَةُ الفَقِيْهُ، وَابْنَاهُ عَامِرٌ وَعَبَّادٌ، وَابْنُ أَخِيْهِ؛ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُرْوَةَ، وَعَبِيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ، وَطَاوُوْسٌ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، وَعَمْرُو بنُ دِيْنَارٍ، وَثَابِتٌ البُنَانِيُّ، وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ المَكِّيُّ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيْعِيُّ، وَوَهْبُ بنُ كَيْسَانَ، وَسَعِيْدُ بنُ مِيْنَاءَ، وَحَفِيدَاهُ: مُصْعَبُ بنُ ثَابِتِ بنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَيَحْيَى بنُ عَبَّادِ بنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَهِشَامُ بنُ عُرْوَةَ، وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ المُنْذِرِ بنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَآخَرُوْنَ. وَكَانَ فَارِسَ قُرَيْشٍ فِي زَمَانِهِ، وَلَهُ مَوَاقِفُ مَشهُودَةٌ. قِيْلَ: إِنَّهُ شَهِدَ اليَرْمُوْكَ وَهُوَ مُرَاهِقٌ، وَفَتْحَ المَغْرِبِ، وَغَزْوَ القُسْطَنْطِيْنِيَّةِ، وَيَوْمَ الجَمَلِ مَعَ خَالَتِهِ. وَبُوْيِعَ بِالخِلاَفَةِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِ يَزِيْدَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّيْنَ، وَحَكَمَ عَلَى الحِجَازِ، وَاليَمَنِ، وَمِصْرَ، وَالعِرَاقِ، وَخُرَاسَانَ، وَبَعضِ الشَّامِ. وَلَمْ يَسْتَوسِقْ لَهُ الأَمْرُ، وَمِنْ ثَمَّ لَمْ يَعُدَّهُ بَعْضُ العُلَمَاءِ فِي أُمَرَاءِ المُؤْمِنِيْنَ، وَعَدَّ دَوْلَتَهُ زَمَنَ فُرْقَةٍ، فَإِنَّ مَرْوَانَ غَلَبَ عَلَى الشَّامِ ثُمَّ مِصْرَ، وَقَامَ عِنْدَ مَصرعِهِ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَحَارَبَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقُتِلَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ﵀ فَاسْتقَلَّ بِالخِلاَفَةِ عَبْدُ المَلِكِ وَآلُهُ، وَاسْتَوسَقَ لَهُمُ الأَمْرُ، إِلَى أَنْ قَهَرَهُم بَنُو العَبَّاسِ بَعْدَ مُلْكِ سِتِّيْنَ عَاماً. قِيْلَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ أَدْركَ مِنْ حَيَاةِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَعْوَامٍ وَأَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَكَانَ مُلاَزِماً لِلوُلُوجِ عَلَى رَسُوْلِ اللهِ، لِكَوْنِهِ مِنْ آلِهِ، فَكَانَ يَتَرَدَّدُ إِلَى