Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

—than Abu Bakr?”
He replied, “Abu Bakr was better than he, but Muʿāwiyah was the more dignified one.”
I asked, “Was he more dignified than ʿUmar (1)? … and so on in the report (2).

Maʿmar narrated—through Hammām ibn Munabbih—that he heard Ibn ʿAbbās say:
“I have never seen a man more fit for sovereignty than Muʿāwiyah. People would come to him as though crossing the spacious sides of a broad valley; he was never narrow-minded, rigid, rough (3), or quick-tempered—the quick-tempered one, he meant, was Ibn al-Zubayr (4).”

Ayyūb reported—on the authority of Abū Qilābah—that Kaʿb ibn Mālik said: “No one will ever wield dominion over this ummah to the extent that Muʿāwiyah did.”

Mujālid narrated—through al-Shaʿbī, from Qabīṣah ibn Jābir—who said:
“I kept company with Muʿāwiyah, and I never saw a man whose forbearance was weightier, whose lapse into ignorance was slower, or whose deliberation was more far-reaching than his (5).”

It is also related that Muʿāwiyah said, “I deem myself above allowing any offence to outweigh my forbearance (6).”

Mujālid further narrated—through al-Shaʿbī—that a man once addressed Muʿāwiyah harshly. Muʿāwiyah said to him, “I warn you about the ruler: his anger is the anger of a child, but his retribution is the retribution of a lion (7).”

(1) In the printed edition, the passage from the words “Abi Bakr” up to this point is missing. (2) Ibn Asakir, Tarikh Dimashq, vol. 16, p. 366a. (3) Lisan al-Arab records the expression “so-and-so is daiq al-asʿas,” meaning a sullen person of little benefit; grammatically it is a participial adjective annexed to its agent. In a report from Ibn Abbas about Ibn al-Zubayr he says, “He is not like the strict hasr al-asʿas,” while the more common wording is “hasr al-aqas.” Under the root ʿaqas the lexicon notes that al-aqas denotes a harsh, ill-tempered man, likened to a twisted horn. (4) Reported by ʿAbd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, no. 20985, with this chain; also in Ibn Asakir, 16:366a–b. (5) Ibn Asakir, 16:367a. (6) Ibn Asakir, 16:367a. (7) Ibn Asakir, 16:368a.
مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَيْراً مِنْهُ، وَهُوَ كَانَ أَسْوَدَ. قُلْتُ: كَانَ أَسْوَدَ مِنْ (١) عُمَرَ؟ ... ، الحَدِيْثَ (٢) . مَعْمَرٌ: عَنْ هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُوْلُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً كَانَ أَخْلَقَ لِلمُلْكِ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، كَانَ النَّاسُ يَرِدُوْنَ مِنْهُ عَلَى أَرْجَاءِ وَادٍ رَحْبٍ، لَمْ يَكُنْ بِالضَّيِّقِ، الحَصِرِ، العُصْعُصِ (٣) ، المُتَغَضِّبِ -يَعْنِي: ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ (٤) -. أَيُّوْبُ: عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ: قَالَ كَعْبُ بنُ مَالِكٍ: لَنْ يَمْلِكَ أَحَدٌ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةَ مَا مَلَكَ مُعَاوِيَةُ. مُجَالِدٌ: عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ قَبِيْصَةَ بنِ جَابِرٍ؛ قَالَ: صَحبْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً أَثْقَلَ حِلْماً، وَلاَ أَبْطَأَ جَهْلاً، وَلاَ أَبْعَدَ أَنَاةً مِنْهُ (٥) . وَيُرْوَى عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَالَ: إِنِّيْ لأَرْفَعُ نَفْسِي أَنْ يَكُوْنَ ذَنْبٌ أَوْزَنَ مِنْ حِلْمِي (٦) . مُجَالِدٌ: عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: أَغْلَظَ رَجُلٌ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ، فَقَالَ: أَنْهَاكَ عَنِ السُّلْطَانِ، فَإِنَّ غَضَبَهُ غَضَبُ الصَّبِيِّ، وَأَخْذَهُ أَخْذَ الأَسَدِ (٧) .
(١) سقط من المطبوع من قوله " أبي بكر " إلى هنا. (٢) ابن عساكر ١٦ / ٣٦٦ / آ. (٣) في " اللسان " فلان ضيق العصعص. أي: نكد قليل الخير، وهو من اضافة الصفة المشبهة إلى فاعلها، وفي حديث ابن عباس - وذكر ابن الزبير - ليس مثل الحصر العصعص، في رواية، والمشهور: ليس مثل الحصر العقص، وذكره في مادة عقص، وقال: العقص الالوى الصعب الاخلاق تشبيها بالقرن الملتوي. (٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في " المصنف " (٢٠٩٨٥) بهذا الإسناد، وهو في ابن عساكر ١٦ / ٣٦٦ آ، ب. (٥) ابن عساكر ١٦ / ٣٦٧ / آ. (٦) ابن عساكر ١٦ / ٣٦٧ / آ. (٧) ابن عساكر ١٦ / ٣٦٨ / آ.

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