Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (3/148)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related: Khalid ibn Makhlad told us, Sulaymān ibn Bilāl told us, ʿAlqamah ibn Abī ʿAlqamah told me, from his mother, who said:

“When Muʿāwiyah arrived, he sent word to ʿĀʾishah: ‘Send me the anbajaniyyah cloak of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and some of his hair.’ She entrusted them to me, and I carried them to him. When I entered, he took the anbajaniyyah, put it on, asked for water, washed the hair in it, drank the water, and poured it over his skin. (1)

Abū Bakr al-Hudhalī, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, said:

“When Muʿāwiyah came to Medina in the Year of Unity, Quraysh went out to greet him and said, ‘Praise be to Allah who has strengthened your victory and exalted your rule.’ He kept silent until he had entered the city and mounted the pulpit. After praising Allah he said:

‘To proceed: By Allah, I assumed charge of your affairs fully aware that you were neither pleased with my authority nor fond of it; I know what lies within your hearts. Yet I wrested it from you with this sword of mine. I tried to compel myself to follow the conduct of Abu Bakr and ʿUmar, but I could not; I found myself even more reluctant to imitate ʿUmar; and I sought to model matters on some of ʿUthmān’s ways, but my soul refused. Where is anyone comparable to those men? Far—far indeed—is their virtue to be reached.

‘Instead, I have chosen a path that brings me benefit and brings you the like of it; each of us therein has a fair share and a gracious portion so long as governance remains upright. If (2) you do not find me the best among you, still I am the best for you. By Allah, I shall not raise the sword against one who bears no sword. Whatever has passed, as you know, I have put behind my ear. If you do not find me giving you all of your due, then accept some of it: the chick has not yet broken the shell, and a flood that arrives in successive waves—even if small—still suffices. Beware of turmoil,

(1) Reported by Ibn Asakir, 16/361 B, through the chain of Ibn Saad. The anbijaniyya is a coarse woolen cloak produced in Manbij; it has a nap on its surface but no decorative weave, and was regarded as one of the simplest heavy garments. Abu Juhm once presented the Prophet with a khamisa (striped mantle), but when its patterns distracted him during prayer he said: “Return it to him and bring me my anbijaniyya.” The incident is recorded by al-Bukhari 1/406–407, Muslim no. 556, and Malik 1/97–98, on the authority of Aisha. (2) The autograph copy reads: “fa-inni” (“for I”).

مُحَمَّدُ بنُ سَعْدٍ: حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بنُ بِلاَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلْقَمَةُ بنُ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، قَالَتْ: قَدِمَ مُعَاوِيَةُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ: أَنْ أَرْسِلِي إِلَيَّ بِأَنْبِجَانِيَّةِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ وَشَعْرِهِ. فَأَرْسَلَتْ بِهِ مَعِيَ أَحْمِلُهُ، حَتَّى دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَخَذَ الأَنْبِجَانِيَّةَ، فَلَبِسَهَا، وَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَغَسَلَ الشَّعْرَ، فَشَرِبَهُ، وَأَفَاضَ عَلَى جِلْدِهِ (١) . أَبُو بَكْرٍ الهُذَلِيُّ: عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ مُعَاوِيَةُ المَدِيْنَةَ عَامَ الجَمَاعَةِ، تَلَقَّتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ، فَقَالُوا: الحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي أَعَزَّ نَصْرَكَ، وَأَعْلَى أَمْرَكَ. فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ المَدِيْنَةَ، وَعَلاَ المِنْبَرَ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ، وَقَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنِّي -وَاللهِ - وَلِيْتُ أَمْرَكُم حِيْنَ وَلِيْتُهُ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكُم لاَ تُسَرُّوْنَ بِوِلاَيَتِي، وَلاَ تُحِبُّوْنَهَا، وَإِنِّي لَعَالِمٌ بِمَا فِي نُفُوْسِكُم، وَلَكِنْ خَالَسْتُكُمْ بِسَيْفِي هَذَا مُخَالَسَةً، وَلَقَدْ أَرَدْتُّ نَفْسِي عَلَى عَمَلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، فَلَمْ أَجِدْهَا تَقُوْمُ بِذَلِكَ، وَوَجَدْتُهَا عَنْ عَمَلِ عُمَرَ أَشَدَّ نُفُوْراً، وَحَاوَلْتُهَا عَلَى مِثْلِ سُنَيَّاتِ عُثْمَانَ، فَأَبَتْ عَلَيَّ، وَأَيْنَ مِثْلَ هَؤُلاَءِ؛ هَيْهَاتَ أَنْ يُدْرَكَ فَضَلُهُم، غَيْرَ أَنِّي سَلَكْتُ طَرِيْقاً لِي فِيْهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ، وَلَكُم فِيْهِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، وَلِكُلٍّ فِيْهِ مُوَاكَلَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ، وَمُشَارَبَةٌ جَمِيْلَةٌ، مَا اسْتقَامَتِ السِّيْرَةُ، فَإِنْ (٢) لَمْ تَجِدُوْنِي خَيْرَكُم، فَأَنَا خَيْرٌ لَكُم، وَاللهِ لاَ أَحْمِلُ السَّيْفَ عَلَى مَنْ لاَ سَيْفَ مَعَهُ، وَمَهْمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِمَّا قَدْ عَلِمْتُمُوْهُ، فَقَدْ جَعَلْتُهُ دُبُرَ أُذُنِي، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوْنِي أَقُوْمُ بِحَقِّكُم كُلِّهِ، فَارْضَوْا بِبَعْضِهِ، فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِقَائِبَةٍ قُوْبُهَا، وَإِنَّ السَّيْلَ إِنْ جَاءَ تَتْرَى - وَإِنْ قلَّ - أَغْنَى، إِيَّاكُم وَالفِتْنَةَ،

(١) أورده ابن عساكر ١٦ / ٣٦١، ب من طريق ابن سعد. والانبجانية: كساء منبجي يتخذ من الصوف وله خمل ولا علم له، وهو من أدون الثياب الغليظة، وكان أبو جهم قد أهدى للنبي ﷺ خميصة ذات أعلام، فلما شغلته في الصلاة، قال: " ردوها عليه واثتوني بأنبجانيته " والخبر عند البخاري ١ / ٤٠٦، ٤٠٧، ومسلم (٥٥٦) ، ومالك: ١ / ٩٧، ٩٨، من حديث عائشة. (٢) في الأصل " فإني ".