Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (3/25)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

The Prophet ﷺ said, “All praise is due to Allah, Who has guided you to Islam.”

Abū Bakr then asked, “Have you just come from Egypt?”

I answered, “Yes.”

He said, “And what became of the men of Banu Mālik?”

I replied, “I killed them, took their spoils, and have brought them to the Messenger of Allah so that he might levy his fifth.”

The Prophet ﷺ said, “As for your acceptance of Islam, we acknowledge it, but I will take nothing of their property, for this is treachery, and there is no good in treachery.”

At that my heart was gripped with fear, and I protested, “I only killed them while still upon the religion of my people; I have embraced Islam just this moment.”

He said, “Indeed, Islam erases whatever preceded it.”

He had killed thirteen of them (1). News of the affair reached Thaqīf in Tāʾif, so they rallied for battle, but then they came to terms that ʿUrwah ibn Masʿūd would pay on my behalf thirteen blood-monies.

I remained with the Prophet ﷺ until he performed the ʿUmrah of Ḥudaybiyyah; it was the first journey on which I accompanied him.

I stayed close to the Truthful One, Abū Bakr, and attached myself to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ together with those who did likewise.

Quraysh, in the year of Ḥudaybiyyah, sent ʿUrwah ibn Masʿūd to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to speak with him. He came, conversed with him, and kept touching the Prophet’s beard while I stood over the Messenger of Allah, clad in armor.

Al-Mughīrah said to ʿUrwah, “Withdraw your hand before it fails to return to you.”

He asked, “Who is this, O Muḥammad? How rough and stern he is!”

The Prophet replied, “Your nephew.”

So he said, “O traitor! By Allah, I only cleansed myself of your disgrace yesterday!” (2)

(1) The report is found in Ibn Saʿd, al-Tabaqat, 4/285–286 up to this point; the remainder is missing. See also al-Musannaf, no. 9678. (2) The complete version is related by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani in al-Aghani, 16/80–82, and by Ibn ʿAsakir, 17, fol. 35A–36, both through the chain of al-Waqidi. The statement, “Verily, Islam erases what came before it,” is an authentic hadith recorded by Ahmad, 4/199, 204, 205, and by Muslim in his Sahih (no. 121) on the authority of ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAs. From the words, “Then Quraysh sent…,” to the end, its purport appears in Sahih al-Bukhari, 5/249, Book of Conditions, chapter “Conditions in Jihad and Reconciliation,” as part of the extended narrative of the treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Urwah’s remark, “By Allah, I only washed your private parts yesterday,” is clarified by Ibn Hisham in al-Sirah, 2/313: before accepting Islam, al-Mughira ibn Shuʿbah had killed thirteen men from the Banu Malik branch of Thaqif. The two factions of Thaqif—Banu Malik, the clan of the slain, and al-Ahlaf, the clan of al-Mughira—were on the verge of war, so Urwah paid thirteen blood-money payments (diyah) and settled the dispute.

فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: (الحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي هَدَاكَ لِلإِسْلاَمِ) . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَمِنْ مِصْرَ أَقْبَلْتُم؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ المَالِكِيُّوْنَ؟ قُلْتُ: قَتَلْتُهُم، وَأَخَذْتُ أَسْلاَبَهُم، وَجِئْتُ بِهَا إِلَى رَسُوْلِ اللهِ لِيَخْمُسَهَا. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: (أَمَّا إِسْلاَمُكَ فَنَقْبَلُهُ، وَلاَ آخُذُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِم شَيْئاً، لأَنَّ هَذَا غَدْرٌ، وَلاَ خَيْرَ فِي الغَدْرِ) . فَأَخَذَنِي مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ، وَقُلْتُ: إِنَّمَا قَتَلْتُهُم وَأَنَا عَلَى دِيْنِ قَوْمِي، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمْتُ السَّاعَةَ. قَالَ: (فَإِنَّ الإِسْلاَمَ يَجُبُّ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ) . وَكَانَ قَتَلَ مِنْهُم ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ (١) ، فَبَلَغَ ثَقِيْفاً بِالطَّائِفِ، فَتَدَاعَوْا لِلْقِتَالِ، ثُمَّ اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَحْمِلَ عَنِّي عُرْوَةُ بنُ مَسْعُوْدٍ ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ دِيَةً. وَأَقَمْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَتَّى اعْتَمَرَ عُمْرَةَ الحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ سَفْرَةٍ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ فِيْهَا. وَكُنْتُ أَكُوْنُ مَعَ الصِّدِّيْقِ، وَأَلْزَمُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ فِيْمَنْ يَلْزَمُهُ. قَالَ: وَبَعَثَتْ قُرَيْشٌ عَامَ الحُدَيْبِيَةِ عُرْوَةَ بنَ مَسْعُوْدٍ إِلَى رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ لِيُكَلِّمَهُ، فَأَتَاهُ، فَكَلَّمَهُ، وَجَعَلَ يَمَسُّ لِحْيَتَهُ، وَأَنَا قَائِمٌ عَلَى رَأْسِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ مُقَنَّعٌ فِي الحَدِيْدِ. فَقَالَ المُغِيْرَةُ لِعُرْوَةَ: كُفَّ يَدَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ لاَ تَصِلَ إِلَيْكَ. فَقَالَ: مَنْ ذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ؟ مَا أَفَظَّهُ وَأَغْلَظَهُ! قَالَ: (ابْنُ أَخِيْكَ) . فَقَالَ: يَا غُدَرُ، وَاللهِ مَا غَسَلْتُ عَنِّي سَوْءتَكَ إِلاَّ بِالأَمْسِ (٢) .

(١) هو في " طبقات ابن سعد ": ٤ / ٢٨٥، ٢٨٦ إلى هنا. وبقية الخبر مخروم. وانظر: " المصنف " رقم (٩٦٧٨) . (٢) أخرجه بطوله صاحب الاغاني: ١٦ / ٨٠، ٨٢، وابن عساكر: ١٧، ٣٥ / آ / ٣٦ من طريق الواقدي، وقوله " إن الإسلام يجب ما قبله " حديث صحيح أخرجه أحمد ٤ / ١٩٩ و٢٠٤ و٢٠٥، ومسلم في " صحيحه " (١٢١) من حديث عمرو بن العاص، ومن قوله: وبعثت قريش، إلى آخر الخبر معناه في صحيح البخاري: ٥ / ٢٤٩ في الشروط: باب الشروط في الجهاد والمصالحة، وهو جزء من خبر صلح الحديبية الطويل. وقول عروة: " والله ما غسلت عني سوأتك إلا بالامس ": قال ابن هشام في " السيرة " ٢ / ٣١٣: أراد عروة بقوله هذا أن المغيرة بن شعبة قبل إسلامه قتل ثلاثة عشر رجلا من بني مالك من ثقيف، فنهايج الحيان من ثقيف: بنو مالك رهط المقتولين، والاحلاف رهط المغيرة، فودى عروة المقتولين ثلاث عشرة دية، وأصلح ذلك الامر.