Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

granting them to Tamim and his brother Nuʿaym (1).

In the Sahih it is reported on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbas:

A man from the tribe of Sahm set out with Tamim al-Dari and ʿAdi ibn Badda. He died in a land of unbelief, and they brought back his estate. When they did so, they missed a silver bowl. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made the two of them swear an oath, but later the bowl was found in Mecca, and it was said, “We bought it from Tamim and ʿAdi.” Two men from the heirs of the Sahmi then rose and swore, “Our testimony is more deserving than their testimony, and the bowl belongs to our kinsman.”

Concerning them the verse was revealed: “Witnesses between you when death approaches one of you…” [al-Maʾidah (2): 110] (2).

Qatadah said about the verse, “And whoever possesses knowledge of the Scripture” [al-Raʿd: 45]: “It refers to Salman, Ibn Salam, and Tamim al-Dari” (3).

(1) Ibn Saʿd, 1/267 and 7/408; Al-Amwal, pp. 349-350. Habra – also called Habrun (Hebron). According to Yaqut, it is the village that contains the grave of our master Ibrahim al-Khalil in Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem); the place is now more commonly known simply as al-Khalil. ʿAynun is likewise a village in the vicinity of Bayt al-Maqdis. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari, 5/308, in the Book of Wills, chapter on the verse “Ya ayyuha alladhina amanu shahadatu baynikum idha hadara ahadakum al-mawt” (O you who believe, testimony must be taken between you when death approaches one of you – Q 5:106); also by al-Tirmidhi (3062) and Abu Dawud (3606). On the strength of this hadith, some jurists allow the testimony of ahl al-dhimma (non-Muslims living under Muslim rule) to a Muslim’s will when the latter is travelling. This opinion is related from Abu Musa al-Ashʿari and adopted by Shurayh, Ibrahim al-Nakhaʿi, al-Awzaʿi, and Imam Ahmad. See Sharh al-Mufradat, p. 333. (3) Transmitted by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, 13/177, through the chain Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿla – Muhammad ibn Thawr – Qatada. After mentioning the comments of Qatada and others, Ibn Kathir (2/521) states: the sound view is that the phrase wa-man ʿindahu (“and those who have [knowledge]” – Q 34:6) is a generic term that includes the scholars of the People of the Book who find the description and qualities of Muhammad in their earlier scriptures and in the prophecies of previous prophets, as in His words: “Wa-rahmati wasiʿat kulla shayʾ… alladhina yattabiʿuna al-rasula al-nabiya al-ummiyya alladhi yajidunahu maktuban ʿindahum fi-l-Tawrati wa-l-Injil” (My mercy encompasses all things; I shall prescribe it for those who fear Me… those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, whom they find written with them in the Torah and the Gospel – Q 7:156-157), and: “A-wa lam yakun lahum ayatun an yaʿlamahu ʿulamaʾu Bani Israʾil” (Was it not a sign for them that the scholars of the Children of Israel know it? – Q 26:197), and similar passages indicating that the scholars of Bani Israʾil recognise him from their revealed books.
أَقْطَعَهُمَا تَمِيْماً وَأَخَاهُ نُعَيْماً (١) . وَفِي (الصَّحِيْحِ) مِنْ حَدِيْثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ سَهْمِيٌّ مَعَ تَمِيْمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، وَعَدِيِّ بنِ بَدَّاءَ، فَمَاتَ بِأَرْضِ كُفْرٍ، فَقَدِمَا بِتَرِكَتِهِ، فَفَقَدُوا جَامّاً مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، فَأَحْلَفَهُمَا رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَجَدُوا الجَامَّ بِمَكَّةَ. فَقِيْلَ: اشْتَرَيْنَاهُ مِنْ تَمِيْمٍ وَعَدِيٍّ. فَقَامَ رَجُلاَنِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ السَّهْمِيِّ، فَحَلَفَا لَشَهَادَتُنَا أَحَقُّ مِنْ شَهَادَتِهِمَا، وَأَنَّ الجَامَّ لِصَاحِبِهِمْ. وَفِيْهِم نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ: ﴿شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ المَوْتُ﴾ [المَائِدَةُ (٢) : ١١٠] . قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ﴿وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الكِتَابِ﴾ [الرَّعْدُ: ٤٥] . قَالَ: سَلْمَانُ، وَابْنُ سَلاَمٍ، وَتَمِيْمٌ الدَّارِيُّ (٣) .
(١) ابن سعد ١ / ٢٦٧، و٧ / ٤٠٨، و" الاموال ": ٣٤٩، ٣٥٠. وحبرى ويقال لها: حبرون: قال ياقوت: هي القرية التي فيها قبر سيدنا إبراهيم الخليل ﵇ بالبيت المقدس. وقد غلب على اسمها الخليل. وعينون: من قرى بيت المقدس. (٢) أخرجه البخاري ٥ / ٣٠٨ في الوصايا: باب قول الله عزوجل: (يا أيها الذين آمنوا شهادة بينكم إذا حضر أحدكم الموت) ، والترمذي (٣٠٦٢) ، وأبو داود (٣٦٠٦) ، واستدل بهذا الحديث من ذهب إلى جواز شهادة أهل الذمة على وصية المسلم في السفر خاصة، يروى ذلك عن أبي موسى الأشعري، وهو قول شريح وإبراهيم النخعي، وبه قال الاوزاعي والامام أحمد. انظر " شرح المفردات " ص ٣٣٣. (٣) أخرجه ابن جرير ١٣ / ١٧٧ من طريق محمد بن عبد الأعلى، عن محمد بن ثور، عن قتادة. وقال ابن كثير ٢ / ٥٢١ بعد أن ذكر قول قتادة وغيره: والصحيح في هذا أن (ومن عنده) اسم جنس يشمل علماء أهل الكتاب الذين يجدون صفة محمد ﷺ ونعته ي كتبهم المتقدمة من بشارات الأنبياء به، كما قال تعالى: (ورحمتي وسعت كل شيء فسأكتبها للذين يتقون ويؤتون الزكاة والذين هم بآياتنا يؤمنون الذين يتبعون الرسول النبي الأمي الذي يجدونه مكتوبا عندهم في التوراة والانجيل) . وقال تعالى: (أو لم يكن لهم آية أن يعلمه علماء بني إسرائيل) وأمثال ذلك مما فيه الاخبار عن علماء بني إسرائيل أنهم يعلمون ذلك من كتبهم المنزلة.

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