Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Mujālid narrated—on the authority of al-Shaʿbī—who said: “Judges are four: ʿUmar, ʿAlī, Zayd, and Ibn Masʿūd.” ⦗1⦘

Al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad reported: “ʿUmar would invariably appoint Zayd as his deputy whenever he set out on a journey.” ⦗2⦘

Sālim said: “We were with Ibn ʿUmar on the day Zayd ibn Thābit passed away, and I exclaimed, ‘Today the scholar of the people has died.’ Ibn ʿUmar replied, ‘May Allah have mercy on him. During ʿUmar’s caliphate he was the scholar of the people and its chief authority. ʿUmar dispersed the other scholars throughout the provinces, forbade them to issue fatwas based on personal opinion, and kept Zayd ibn Thābit in Medina to give legal verdicts to its inhabitants.’” ⦗3⦘

Sulaymān ibn Yasār said: “Neither ʿUmar nor ʿUthmān ever preferred anyone over Zayd in matters of inheritance shares, fatwas, Qurʾān recitation, or judicial decisions.” ⦗4⦘

Yaʿqūb ibn ʿUtbah related that ʿUmar appointed Zayd as acting governor and wrote to him from Syria:
“To Zayd ibn Thābit, from ʿUmar.”

Khārija ibn Zayd said: “ʿUmar used to leave my father in charge; seldom did he return without granting him a grove of date palms.” ⦗5⦘

(1) Tadhhib Ibn Asakir, vol. 5, p. 450. (2) Tadhhib Ibn Asakir, vol. 5, p. 450; likewise in Tabaqat Ibn Saad, vol. 2, p. 359, with the isnad: Affan b. Muslim ─ Abd al-Wahid b. Ziyad ─ al-Hajjaj b. Arata ─ Nafiʿ, who reports that ʿUmar b. al-Khattab appointed Zayd b. Thabit as judge and allotted him a fixed stipend. (3) Reported by Ibn Saad, vol. 2, p. 359, through the chain of al-Waqidi. (4) Ibn Saad, vol. 2, p. 359 (through al-Waqidi); Tadhhib Ibn Asakir, vol. 5, p. 450. (5) Cited by Wakiʿ in Akhbar al-Qudat, vol. 1, p. 108, through Muhammad b. Ishaq al-Saghani ─ al-Haytham b. Kharija ─ ʿAbd al-Rahman b. Abi al-Zinad ─ his father ─ Kharija b. Zayd, who relates: “Whenever ʿUmar b. al-Khattab set out on a journey, he would often leave Zayd b. Thabit as his deputy, and on returning he rarely failed to grant Zayd a date-palm orchard.” All the transmitters in this chain are trustworthy. The report is also found in Tadhhib Ibn Asakir, vol. 5, p. 450.
مُجَالِدٌ: عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: القُضَاةُ أَرْبَعَةٌ: عُمَرُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَزَيْدٌ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُوْدٍ (١) . وَعَنِ القَاسِمِ بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: كَانَ عُمَرُ يَسْتَخْلِفُ زَيْداً فِي كُلِّ سَفَرٍ (٢) . وَعَنْ سَالِمٍ: كُنَّا مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَوْمَ مَاتَ زَيْدُ بنُ ثَابِتٍ، فَقُلْتُ: مَاتَ عَالِمُ النَّاسِ اليَوْمَ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: يَرْحَمُهُ اللهُ، فَقَدْ كَانَ عَالِمَ النَّاسِ فِي خِلاَفَةِ عُمَرَ وَحَبْرَهَا، فَرَّقَهُم عُمَرُ فِي البُلْدَانِ، وَنَهَاهُمْ أَنْ يُفْتُوا بِرَأْيِهِمْ، وَحَبَسَ زَيْدَ بنَ ثَابِتٍ بِالمَدِيْنَةِ، يُفْتِي أَهْلَهَا (٣) . وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بنِ يَسَارٍ، قَالَ: مَا كَانَ عُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ يُقَدِّمَانِ عَلَى زَيْدٍ أَحَداً فِي الفَرَائِضِ، وَالفَتْوَى، وَالقِرَاءةِ، وَالقَضَاءِ (٤) . وَعَنْ يَعْقُوْبَ بنِ عُتْبَةَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ اسْتَخْلَفَ زَيْداً، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الشَّامِ: إِلَى زَيْدِ بنِ ثَابِتٍ مِنْ عُمَرَ. قَالَ خَارِجَةُ بنُ زَيْدٍ: كَانَ عُمَرُ يَسْتَخْلِفُ أَبِي، فَقَلَّمَا رَجَعَ إِلاَّ أَقْطَعَهُ حَدِيْقَةً مِنْ نَخْلٍ (٥) .
(١) " تهذيب ابن عساكر ": ٥ / ٤٥٠. (٢) " تهذيب ابن عساكر " ٥ / ٤٥٠، وفي " طبقات ابن سعد " ٢ / ٣٥٩، من طريق عفان بن مسلم، عن عبد الواحد بن زياد، عن الحجاج بن أرطاة، عن نافع، قال: استعمل عمر بن الخطاب زيد بن ثابت على القضاء، وفرض له رزقا. (٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٢ / ٣٥٩ من طريق الواقدي. (٤) ابن سعد ٢ / ٣٥٩ من طريق الواقدي، و" تهذيب ابن عساكر " ٥ / ٤٥٠. (٥) أخرجه وكيع في " أخبار القضاة " ١ / ١٠٨ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق الصغاني، عن الهيثم بن خارجة، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي الزناد، عن أبيه، عن خارجة بن زيد، قال: كان عمر بن الخطاب كثيرا ما يستخلف زيد بن ثابت إذا خرج إلى شيء من الاسفار، وقلما رجع من سفر إلا أقطع زيد بن ثابت حديقة من نخل. ورجاله ثقات. وهو في " تهذيب ابن عساكر " ٥ / ٤٥٠.

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