Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (2/382)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

for ʿUmar, and the governorship of Basra; he arrived a few nights after the conquest of Khaybar (1), took part in military expeditions, strove in the cause of Allah alongside the Prophet ﷺ, and carried away from him a vast store of knowledge.

Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said: Abū Yūsuf, Muʿāwiyah’s chamberlain, narrated to me that Abu Musa al-Ashʿarī came to Muʿāwiyah, lodged in one of the houses of Damascus, and Muʿāwiyah went out during the night to listen to his recitation (2).

Abū ʿUbayd said: The mother of Abu Musa was Ḍabya bint Wahb; she had embraced Islam and died in Medina (3).

Ibn Saʿd said: al-Haytham ibn ʿAdī narrated to us that Abu Musa accepted Islam in Mecca, migrated to Abyssinia, his first military engagement was Khaybar, and he died in the year 42 AH (4).

Abū Aḥmad al-Ḥākim said: He accepted Islam in Mecca, then arrived with the People of the Two Ships three days after the conquest of Khaybar, whereupon the Prophet ﷺ allotted them a share of the spoils. He served as governor of Basra under ʿUmar and ʿUthmān, and later as governor of Kūfa, where he passed away (5).

Several chains transmit the report from Shu‘bah, from Sa‘id ibn Abi Burdah, from his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet sent Mu‘adh and Abu Musa to Yemen, saying: “Make things easy and do not make them difficult. Announce glad tidings and do not repel people. Cooperate with one another and do not differ.” (1) This alludes to his return from Abyssinia with the group who had migrated there, as will be explained shortly. (2) Related by Abu Zur‘ah in Tarikh Dimashq (238); Ibn ‘Asakir cites it from him, p. 431. (3) Ibn ‘Asakir, p. 434. (4) Ibn Sa‘d, 6/16. The claim that he witnessed Khaybar is debatable, for in Sahih al-Bukhari 7/317 Abu Musa states: “We met the Prophet when he had already opened Khaybar.” Another version adds: “He allotted us shares of the spoils, even though he did not allot anything to anyone absent from the conquest—except the people of our ship who were with Ja‘far and his companions; he included them with us.” See the next report. (5) Mentioned by Ibn ‘Asakir, pp. 435–436.

لِعُمَرَ، وَإِمْرَةَ البَصْرَةِ، وَقَدِمَ (١) لَيَالِيَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ، وَغَزَا، وَجَاهَدَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَحَمَلَ عَنْهُ عِلْماً كَثِيْراً. قَالَ سَعِيْدُ بنُ عَبْدِ العَزِيْزِ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو يُوْسُفَ حَاجِبُ مُعَاوِيَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا مُوْسَى الأَشْعَرِيَّ قَدِمَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَنَزَلَ فِي بَعْضِ الدُّوْرِ بِدِمَشْقَ، فَخَرَجَ مُعَاوِيَةُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ لِيَسْتَمِعَ قِرَاءتَهُ (٢) . قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: أُمُّ أَبِي مُوْسَى هِيَ: ظَبْيَةُ بِنْتُ وَهْبٍ، كَانَتْ أَسْلَمَتْ، وَمَاتَتْ بِالمَدِيْنَةِ (٣) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: حَدَّثَنَا الهَيْثَمُ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ أَبُو مُوْسَى بِمَكَّةَ، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الحَبَشَةِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَشَاهِدِهِ خَيْبَرُ، وَمَاتَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِيْنَ (٤) . قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الحَاكِمُ: أَسْلَمَ بِمَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ مَعَ أَهْلِ السَّفِيْنَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ بِثَلاَثٍ، فَقَسَمَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَلِيَ البَصْرَةَ لِعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَوَلِيَ الكُوْفَةَ، وَبِهَا مَاتَ (٥) .

= طرق عن شعبة، عن سعيد بن أبي بردة، عن أبيه، عن جده: أن النبي ﷺ بعث معاذا وأبا موسى إلى اليمن، فقال: " يسرا ولا تعسرا. وبشرا ولا تنفرا. وتطاوعا ولا تختلفا ". (١) يريد قدومه من الحبشة مع من كان هاجر إليها كما سيأتي قريبا. (٢) أخرجه أبو زرعة في " تاريخ دمشق " (٢٣٨) واقتسبه منه ابن عساكر: ٤٣١. (٣) ابن عساكر: ٤٣٤. (٤) ابن سعد ٦ / ١٦، وكونه ممن شهد خيبر فيه نظر، فقد جاء في صحيح البخاري ٧ / ٣١٧ قول أبي موسى: فوافقنا النبي ﷺ حين افتتح خيبر، وزاد في رواية: فأسهم لنا ولم يسهم لأحد غاب عن فتح خيبر منها شيئا! إلا لمن شهدها معه، إلا لأصحاب سفينتنا مع جعفر وأصحابه، فإنه قسم لهم معهم، وانظر الخبر الآتي. (٥) ذكره ابن عساكر: ٤٣٥، ٤٣٦.