Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (2/302)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Hammām related to us—Qatādah, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās—that Barīrah’s husband was a black slave named Mughīth, and that the Prophet ﷺ issued four rulings concerning her:

Her owners stipulated that the right of walaʾ should remain with them, but he ruled that walaʾ belongs only to the one who emancipates.
She was given the option, and she chose herself.
The Prophet ordered her to observe an ʿiddah; I used to see him trailing after her in the streets of Madinah, tears streaming from his eyes for her.
Charity was given to her, and she offered part of it as a gift to ʿĀʾishah. When this was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ he said, “For her it is charity, but for us it is a gift” (1).

A similar report was narrated by Rabīʿah al-Raʾy, from al-Qāsim, from ʿĀʾishah.

Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, related that the Prophet ﷺ said to Barīrah, “Your private right has been freed along with you; so choose” (2).

Ayyūb al-Sakhtiyānī, from Ibn Sīrīn, narrated that the Messenger of Allah offered Barīrah the choice and spoke to her on his behalf. She asked, “Messenger of Allah, is this something obligatory?” He replied, “No; I am only interceding for him” (3).

(1) Its chain of transmission (isnad) is sound. The report is also found in al-Tabaqat, vol. 8, pp. 275 and 258; in Ahmad’s al-Musnad, vol. 1, pp. 281 and 361; and in Sunan Abi Dawud, no. 2232. (2) Al-Tabaqat, vol. 8, p. 259. All the transmitters are trustworthy, but the chain is mursal (missing the Companion). (3) Al-Tabaqat, vol. 8, p. 259; the narrators are reliable, yet the isnad is mursal. Al-Bukhari also includes the episode in his Sahih, vol. 9, p. 359 (Book of Divorce, chapter “The Prophet’s intercession for Barira’s husband”), through the chain: Muhammad b. Salam — Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi — Khalid al-Hadda’ — Ikrima — Ibn Abbas. He relates that Barira’s husband was a slave named Mughith: “I can almost see him trailing behind her, weeping, with tears running down his beard. The Prophet said to al-Abbas, ‘Are you not amazed at Mughith’s love for Barira and Barira’s aversion to Mughith?’ Then the Prophet said to her, ‘If only you would take him back.’ She asked, ‘Messenger of Allah, are you commanding me?’ He replied, ‘I am merely interceding.’ She concluded, ‘I have no need for him.’”

هَمَّامٌ: حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيْرَةَ كَانَ عَبْداً أَسْوَدَ يُسَمَّى مُغِيثاً، فَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِيْهَا أَرْبَعَ قَضِيَّاتٍ: أَنَّ مَوَالِيْهَا اشْتَرَطُوا الوَلاَءَ، فَقَضَى أَنَّ الوَلاَءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ. وَخُيِّرَتْ، فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا. فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ، فَكُنْتُ أَرَاهُ يَتْبَعُهَا فِي سِكَكِ المَدِيْنَةِ، يَعْصِرُ عَيْنَيه عَلَيْهَا. قَالَ: وَتُصُدِّقَ عَلَيْهَا بِصَدَقَةٍ، فَأَهْدَتْ مِنْهَا إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: (هُوَ عَلَيْهَا صَدَقَةٌ، وَلَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ (١)) . رَوَى نَحْواً مِنْهُ: رَبِيْعَةُ الرَّأْيِ، عَنِ القَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ. دَاوُدُ بنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ: عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِبَرِيْرَةَ: (قَدْ أُعْتِقَ بَضْعُكِ مَعَكِ، فَاخْتَارِي (٢)) . أَيُّوْبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ سِيْرِيْنَ: أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ خَيَّرَ بَرِيْرَةَ، فَكَلَّمَهَا فِيْهِ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، أَشَيْءٌ وَاجِبٌ؟ قَالَ: (لاَ، إِنَّمَا أَشْفَعُ لَهُ) (٣) .

(١) إسناده صحيح، وهو في " الطبقات " ٨ / ٢٧٥، ٢٥٨، و" المسند " ١ / ٢٨١ و٣٦١، سنن أبي داود (٢٢٣٢) . (٢) ابن سعد ٨ / ٢٥٩، ورجاله ثقات، لكنه مرسل. (٣) ابن سعد ٨ / ٢٥٩، ورجاله ثقات، لكنه مرسل، وأخرج البخاري في " صحيحه " ٩ / ٣٥٩ في الطلاق: باب شفاعة النبي ﷺ في زوج بريرة من طريق محمد بن سلام، عن عبد الوهاب الثقفي، عن خالد الحذاء، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس أن زوج بريرة كان عبدا يقال له: مغيث كأني أنظر إليه يطوف خلفها يبكي، ودموعه تسيل على لحيته، فقال النبي ﷺ لعباس: " يا عباس ألا تعجب من حب مغيث بريرة ومن بغض بريرة مغيثا، فقال النبي ﷺ: " لو راجعته " قالت: يا رسول الله تأمرني؟ قال: " إنما أنا أشفع " قالت: فلا حاجة لي فيه.