Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (2/265)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah, who said:

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ distributed the female captives of Banū al-Muṣṭaliq, Juwayriyah fell to the lot of one man, and she agreed with him on a contract for her emancipation. She was a woman of striking beauty—no one who saw her could resist being captivated.

She came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to seek his help, and—because of her beauty—I took a dislike to her. She said, “O Messenger of Allah, I am Juwayriyah bint al-Ḥārith, the daughter of the chief of his people. I have been afflicted with a hardship that is not hidden from you. I have concluded a manumission contract; so assist me.”

He replied, “Shall I offer you something better? I will pay your debt and marry you.”

She answered, “Yes.”

He did so, and when people heard of it they said, “They are the in-laws of the Messenger of Allah!” Thereupon they released every captive of Banū al-Muṣṭaliq that was in their hands. Because of her, one hundred households were set free. I do not know of any woman who brought greater blessing to her people than she did. (1)

40 – Sawdah, Mother of the Believers, daughter of Zamʿah ibn Qays al-ʿĀmiriyyah (Bukhari, Abu Dawud, al-Nasaʾi)

She was Qurashi, of the ʿĀmir clan. She was the first woman the Prophet ﷺ married after Khadijah, and for about three years—or more—she was his only wife until he consummated his marriage with ʿĀʾishah. Sawdah was a dignified, noble, large-framed lady. She had previously been married to al-Sakran ibn ʿAmr, the brother of Suhayl ibn ʿAmr al-ʿĀmiri. (2)

(1) The chain of transmission is sound; the hadith was already documented on p. 262, note (2). (*) Ibn Saad, Tabaqat, 8:52–58; Khalifa, Tabaqat, 335; Ibn Qutayba, al-Maarif, 133, 284, 442; Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-Istiab, 4:1867; Ibn al-Athir, Jami al-Usul, 9:145; Usd al-Ghaba, 7:157; Tahdhib al-Kamal, no. 1685; al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 2:66; al-Haythami, Majma al-Zawaid, 9:246–248; Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, 12:426–427; Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 12:323; Khulasat Tadhhib al-Kamal, 492; Shadharat al-Dhahab, 1:34, 60. (2) Al-Haythami reproduces it in Majma al-Zawaid, 9:246, noting: “It is related by al-Tabarani; in its chain appears al-Qasim b. Abd Allah b. Mahdi, who is weak, though some have declared him reliable, and the rest of the transmitters are trustworthy.” See also Usd al-Ghaba, 2:412, and al-Isaba, 4:216–217.

عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: لَمَّا قَسَّمَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ سَبَايَا بَنِي المُصْطَلِقِ، وَقَعَتْ جُوَيْرِيَةُ فِي سَهْمِ رَجُلٍ، فَكَاتَبَتْهُ، وَكَانَتْ حُلْوَةً مُلاَّحَةً، لاَ يَرَاهَا أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ أَخَذَتْ بِنَفْسِهِ. فَأَتَتْ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ تَسْتَعِيْنُهُ، فَكَرِهْتُهَا، -يَعْنِي: لِحُسْنِهَا- فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ! أَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بِنْتُ الحَارِثِ سَيِّدِ قَوْمِهِ، وَقَدْ أَصَابَنِي مِنَ البَلاَءِ مَا لَمْ يَخْفَ عَلَيْكَ، وَقَدْ كَاتَبْتُ، فَأَعِنِّي. فَقَالَ: (أَوْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، أُؤَدِّي عَنْكِ، وَأَتَزَوَّجُكِ؟) . فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. فَفَعَلَ، فَبَلَغَ النَّاسَ، فَقَالُوا: أَصْهَارُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ. فَأَرْسَلُوا مَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِيْهِمْ مِنْ بَنِي المُصْطَلِقِ، فَلَقَدْ أُعْتِقَ بِهَا مائَةُ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ، فَمَا أَعْلَمُ امْرَأَةً كَانَتْ أَعْظَمَ بَرَكَةً عَلَى قَوْمِهَا مِنْهَا (١) . ٤٠ - سَوْدَةُ أُمُّ المُؤْمِنِيْنَ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ بنِ قَيْسٍ العَامِرِيَّةُ * (خَ، د، س) القُرَشِيَّةُ، العَامِرِيَّةُ. وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَزَوَّجَ بِهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ خَدِيْجَةَ، وَانْفَرَدَتْ بِهِ نَحْواً مِنْ ثَلاَثِ سِنِيْنَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، حَتَّى دَخَلَ بِعَائِشَةَ. وَكَانَتْ سَيِّدَةً جَلِيْلَةً، نَبِيْلَةً، ضَخْمَةً. وَكَانَتْ أَوَّلاً عِنْدَ: السَّكْرَانِ بنِ عَمْرٍو، أَخِي سُهَيْلِ بنِ عَمْرٍو العَامِرِيِّ (٢) .

(١) إسناده صحيح، وقد تقدم تخريجه في الصفحة ٢٦٢ تعليق (٢) . (*) طبقات ابن سعد: ٨ / ٥٢ - ٥٨، طبقات خليفة: ٣٣٥، المعارف: ١٣٣، ٢٨٤، ٤٤٢، الاستيعاب: ٤ / ١٨٦٧، جامع الأصول: ٩ / ١٤٥، أسد الغابة: ٧ / ١٥٧، تهذيب الكمال: ١٦٨٥، تاريخ الإسلام: ٢ / ٦٦، مجمع الزوائد: ٩ / ٢٤٦ - ٢٤٨، تهذيب التهذيب: ١٢ / ٤٢٦ - ٤٢٧، الإصابة: ١٢ / ٣٢٣، خلاصة تذهيب الكمال: ٤٩٢، شذرات الذهب: ١ / ٣٤ و٦٠. (٢) ذكره في " المجمع " ٩ / ٢٤٦، وقال: رواه الطبراني، وفيه القاسم بن عبد الله بن مهدي وهو ضعيف، وقد وثق وبقية رجاله ثقات. وانظر " أسد الغابة " ٢ / ٤١٢، و" الإصابة " ٤ / ٢١٦، ٢١٧.